AJES
Asian Journal of Experimental Sciences
 
 
AJES

 

 


VOLUME 20: ISSUE 2

CONTENTS YEAR 2006

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 303-308


Natural Zeolite Mediated Mercury Toxicity in Fish

M. K. Chaurasia and Subodh Kumar Jain*
Department of Zoology
Dr. H.S. Gour University
SAGAR 470003 M.P. (India)

Abstract : There is no truly effective treatment of mercuralism, once it gets in to the body. In the present investigation, efforts have been made to study the role of natural zeolite stilbite for remediation of mercury toxicity. Zeolites are naturally and artificially occurring ion exchangers. Heavy metal viz. mercury takes the position of element present in the molecular sieve of zeolite in the exposure water. Thus, heavy metal becomes unavailable to fish. During the study, experimental fish were exposed to mercuric chloride, mercuric chloride + stilbite and stilbite only. Values of protein contents in the liver, kidney and gills of teleost fish Heteropneustis fossilis in various experimental groups indicates that the toxicity of mercury is reduced due to addition of zeolite. It is also observed that exposure of fish to stilbite only increase the protein contents in the fish tissue significantly, suggests that natural zeolites can be used not only for the remediation of metal toxicity, rather also for enhancing protein contents in the fish.

Key words : Stilbite, Mercury, Fish, Protein, Liver, Kidney, Gill.

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 309-320

Oscillatory Free Convection Flow Past an Infinite Vertical Porous Plate with Constant Heat Flux

R.C. Chaudhary* and Preeti Jain
Department of Mathematics,
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302004 (India)


Abstract : The problem of unsteady two-dimensional free convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of constant suction and constant heat flux is investigated. Assuming the free stream velocity to be oscillating in time about a constant mean value approximate solutions are obtained for the flow field, temperature distribution and skin-friction. The governing equations are solved analytically. The dependence of solution on Prandtl number (Pr), Grashof number (Gr), frequency (n) is examined graphically. The velocity distribution and temperature distribution are discussed taking two cases viz. case I: when Gr > 0 (i.e. flow in case of cooling of the porous plate by natural convection) and case II: when Gr < 0 (i.e. flow in case of heating of the porous plate by natural convection).

Key words: Oscillatory flow, Free convection, Porous plate, Suction, Heat flux.

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 321-326

Evaluation of Plant Extract for Their Ovicidal Acition Against Trogoderma granarium (Everts)

S. C. Dwivedi and Santosh Yadav
Ecotoxicology Laboratory
Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302004, India
 

Abstract : A laboratory trial was designed to find the potentiality of five plant extract in acetone and petroleum ether as ovicide. Out of the five plants evaluated, Ricinus communis seed extract in both the solvent was found to be most effective. It registered cent percent egg mortality in both the solvent at 100% concentration. Delonix regia gave minimum 59.99% egg mortality in acetone, while Cassia fistula recorded least egg mortality 47.06% in pet ether at 100% concentration respectively.

Key words : Plant extract, ovicidal action, Trogoderma granarium, Solvent.
 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 327-330
 

Ovicidal Effect of 5 Semiarid Plant Seed Extracts on the Eggs of Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton)

 

S.C. Dwivedi and Alka Yadav
Ecotoxicology Laboratory
Department of Zoology
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302 004, Rajasthan, India


Abstract :
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of botanical seed extracts of kapas (Gossypium arboreum Linn), castor (Ricinus communis Linn), amaltas (Cassia fistula Linn.), harsingar (Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn.), and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn.) on the eggs of rice moth. In contact toxicity test of different concentration of plant seed extract viz. 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% were applied on the eggs (0-24 hrs old) by dipping method along with control. The inhibition of egg hatching increased with the increase in concentration of plant extracts. It was observed that at 100% concentration of acetone extract of Ricinus communis exhibited 100% ovicidal action whereas at the same concentration Gossypium arboreum, Momordica charantia, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Cassia fistula exhibit 98.16%, 96.52, 93.0% and 80.73, respectively.

Key words: Biopesticides, Ovicidal action, Corcyra cephalonica


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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 331-336


Favourable Effect of Cleome viscosa L. on Serum and Hepatic Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Rats

 

G. C. Jain* and S. Agarwal

Centre for Advanced Studies,

Department of Zoology,

University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (India)

 

Abstract : Hypolipidemic activity of methanolic extract of C. viscosa seeds was evaluated in hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced by oral administration of cholesterol (500mg/ kg b.wt./ day) suspended in coconut oil (0.5 ml/rat/day) for 60 days. Administration of C. viscosa seed extract (250mg/ kg b.wt.) along with cholesterol for 60 days significantly suppressed elevation of serum total cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL cholesterol (P<0.001), triglycerides (P<0.05) and phospholipids (P<0.01) concentrations when compared with cholesterol feld control rats. The HDL-cholesterol : total cholesterol ratio was significantly (P<0.001) increased. Hepatic total lipids (P<0.01), cholesterol (P<0.01) and triglycerides (P<0.01) were also lowered. Co-administration of C. viscosa extract raised (P<0.01) the level of cholesterol in feces. The results indicate favourable hypolipidemic effect of methanolic extract of C. viscosa seeds in hyperlipidemic rats.

Key words : Cleome viscosa, hypolipidemic effect, cholesterol fed rats.

 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 337-342

Selection of Breeding Sites by Tiger in Ranthambhore National Park

Abhimanyue Singh Rathore*1, Shikha Patni1, Manju Lata1, Antim Lata1, Ajay Gaur1 and A.L. Bhatia2

1.   Department of Zoology
      B.N.P.G. College, Udaipur, Raj., India

2.   Department of Zoology
      University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Raj., India


Abstract :
The present study deals with the selection of breeding sites by tiger in Ranthambhore National Park (RNP). Extensive and intensive surveys for three year (2002-2004) made on RNP in order to explore the home range, breeding sites and position of water holes with respect to tiger ecology. The study indicates that long-term survival of the tiger depends not so much on the number of tigers in a particular area, but the number that are able to breed successfully. Tigers are usually solitary except for females with cubs. They are territorial and males have discrete territories overlapping than those of several females. Male territories are mate-oriented whereas those of females are more resource-oriented. Males associate with females for breeding and have been observed with females and cubs during the time of feeding and resting. Although tigers mate and produce cubs throughout the year in India, peak breeding activity occurs in winter and early summer. Tiger has been found to prefer the areas where the people do not have conflict with the wildlife. In our study, it is observed that tiger prefers the natural water sources as their breeding sites rather than the man-made artificial water sources. There are many natural water sources like Padam talab, Malik talab, Lah-pur, Kachida, Jhalara, Kamal-dhar, Bakola, Lakarda, Semli, Nalghati in Ranthambhore National Park which are observed to be preferred more as breeding sites. Though Government and forest officials have made many artificial water sources around 7 routes of the core area yet, these sites are not selected as breeding sites by tiger.
Within the reserves, these areas are designated as breeding grounds within core area which should be out of reach to the public. Government should manage key tiger habitat as breeding sites for the protection of tigers.

Key words: Tiger, Breeding site, Ranthambhore National Park, Natural water sources

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 343-346

Study of Mixed Ligand Metal Chelate on Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MTDR-Tb)

Sarita Shrivastava and Sandeep Gangrade*
Department of Chemistry
Govt. Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhalaya,
Bhopal, (M.P.), India

Abstract : Mycobacterium bacteriological activities have been conducted with metal chelates (complexes) of Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin. The results obtained were compared with that of the parent drug.  The study revels that few metal chelates (complexes) show a remarkable resistance as compared with the parent drug.

Key words : Mycobacterium, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin
 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 347-352

Collagen Accumulation in Rat Heart Tissue in Relation to Ageing

Shaveta Bharti and Shashi Goyal

Department of Zoology,

Jai Narain Vyas University,

Jodhpur – 342010 (Rajasthan); India

 

Abstract : Structural studies were undertaken to reveal the sites and morphology of collagen accumulation with different age group of rat. In the present study, collagen has been analysed in myocardium as a function of growth and aging. Present study concluded that the heart continues to accumulate collagen even after the organ has ceased to grow in size. In myocardial tissue, the total amount of collagen rises steadily until the rats reach up to high age. This study also shows that concentration of collagen also increases with age increases. Histology shows a relative increase in the fibrous component of tissue which distinctly invaginated interchordal space in adult heart. The precise magnitude of invasion its accumulation and change in collagen parameters may be of great significance in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and other pathogenesis of cardiac diseases.

Key words : Heart, Age, Collagen, Myocardium, Histology,

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 353-356

Effect of Salts along with Moisture Stress on Osmoprotectant in Cenchrus setigerus-76 Plants grown in vivo.

Reena Bora and S.P. Bohra
Stress Physiology Laboratory
Department of Botany
J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, (Rajasthan), India

Abstract : Changes in proline content in C. setigerus-76 grown in vivo in the presence of salts under normal and moisrure stress were studied. Three week old plants were treated with different concentrations of different salts. For moisture stress, plants were kept for 24 hours and 48 hours before the analysis of proline content. A decrease in proline content was observed in normal grown C. setigerus plants treated with NaCl, Na2SO4, NaF and CaCl2. However, an increase was observed at pre-flowering stage of normally grown plants treated with NaCl. Moisture stress increased the proline content in NaCl and Na2SO4 salts imposed plants for 48 hours, where as, decreased in plants kept for 24 hours. In contrast, NaF and CaCl2 recorded a decreased amount of proline content in both the conditions. Maximum accumulation of proline contents were recorded in 10–2M NaCl treated and moisture stressed plants kept for 48 hours.

Key words : Osmoprotectant, Proline, Moisture stress, Cenchrus setigerus-76, NaCl, Na2SO4, NaF and CaCl2.

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 357-362

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Soluble Protein, Proline, Total Sugars and Chlorophyll Content in Ber Plants

B.R. Gadi1, Vidhya Laxmi2 and S.P. Bohra2*
1.   Research Laboratory, Department of Botany,
      Dungar College, Bikaner -334003, India.

2.   Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany,
      J.N.Vyas University, Jodhpur  - 342005, India.


Abstract : The effect of varying concentrations of plant growth regulators [Salicylic acid (SA), bayleton, ethephon and morphactin (methyl ester)] on biochemical parameters was studied in the ber cv. Seb at post flowering stage, under field condition. Application of ethephon increased soluble protein content over the controls. Bayletone 100 mg/l increased maximum soluble protein content followed by SA 100 mg/l and morphactin 20 mg/l respectively. Proline content was higher under only morphactin treatment . Both the concentration of ethephon and morphactin treatments increased total sugars contents relative to control. Chlorophyll (a and b) displayed variable quantities in plants treated with different PGRs. Bayleton and ethephon increased the total chlorophyll (a+b) content whereas SA and morphactin decreased the total chlorophyll (a+b) content, Maximum chlorophyll (a+b) content occurred with 480 mg/l ethephon treatment. In conclusion, application of PGRs have potential in improving the biochemical parameters of the plant.Among four different PGRs sprayed, ethephon showed comparatively better performance on biochemical parameters (protein, total sugars and chlorophyll content) than other PGRs .

Key words : Ziziphus mauritiana cv.Seb, plant growth regulators, soluble protein, proline, total sugars and chlorophyll.
 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 363-368
 

Distribution and Survival of Aeromonads in Fresh Water System at Jabalpur, in Relation to Faecal Pollution Bacteria


Anjana Sharma and Deepali Khokale
Bacteriology Laboratory
Dept of Bio-science R. D. University,
Jabalpur
- 482001, M.P. India.

 

Abstract : The river Narmada, one of the important fresh water source in Jabalpur, is used for recreational and drinking purpose by the local people in the city. The water quality is being reducing day by day due to heavy input of sewage and wastes from industrial effluents, cattle stock breeding, irrigation and human activities etc. Therefore, an attempt has been made to assess the quality of water in relation to know the pollution load. Aeromonads casual organism of acute gastroenteritis, diarrhoea and cutaneous infections has been enumerated during the present investigation period alongwith other bacteriological parameters. Through out the study period density of Aeromonads showed possible correlation with the density of Heterotrophic bacteria but not with the density of total coliforms and faecal coliforms, which indicates that the growth of Aeromonads is affected by the presence of organic matter dissolved in water which is of non- faecal origin.

Key words : Aeromonads, FC, FS, HPC, TC. 

 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 369-374


Hepatocyte Damage in Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita with Respect to Accumulation and Elimination of Mercury


P. V. Paulose and Kamlesh Maheshwari
Department of Zoology

University of Rajasthan

Jaipur – 302004, Rajasthan, India

 

Abstract : Fresh water fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) was exposed to identical concentrations of HgCl2 (inorganic mercury) and CH3HgCl  (methyl mercury chloride) separately and the liver was studied for mercury bioconcentration and histopathological changes. Mercury bioconcentration and histological damage were found to be relatively more in fishes exposed to methyl mercury at all intervals of time. When the fishes were brought to control conditions after 60 days of exposure, mercury level in liver declined from 19.2mg/g to 16.3mg/g in the case of inorganic mercury treated fish. But interestingly liver mercury residue level increased from 37.4mg/g to 39.8mg/g in the case of methyl mercury treated group. A parallel histopathological study revealed that the reduction in mercury level in the former brought about a corresponding improvement in the diseased condition of the liver, however the histological picture continued to show further degenerative changes in the methyl mercury treated group even though the fishes were brought to control conditions.

Key words : Labeo rohita, liver, inorganic mercury, methyl mercury, histology, accumulation


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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 375-378

Population Build up of Mango Leaf Hoppers in Western Uttar Pradesh


Akash Varshneya* and K.S. Rana
Department of Zoology,
Agra College, Agra – 282002, India

Abstract : Mango leaf hoppers are the most destructive pests of mangoes. These hoppers reduce mango production by causing non-setting of flowers and dropping of immature fruits. Hoppers were collected by Bag trap method from January to April and by Sweep method from May to December. Two species of mango leaf hoppers were found in the study areas. These were Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry) and Amritodus atkinsoni (Lethierry). Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry) was first appeared in February, earlier to Amritodus atkinsoni (Lethierry), which appeared firstly in March while maximum population of both the species was recorded in May. Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry) vanished by the end of October and November, where as Amritodus atkinsoni (Lethierry) showed another peak of its population in August, after that it vanished by the end of December. Hence Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry) had only one generation in a year because only one peak of population was recorded, while Amritodus atkinsoni had two generation in a year, because it showed two peaks of its population.

Key words : Idioscopus clypealis, Amritodus atkinsoni, Population buildup, Seasonal abundance.
 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 379-386

Report of Two New Species of Eutetranychus mites from Infesting Vegetable and Fruit Crops in Mathura and Surrounding Regions

Y.C. Gupta* and Aradhna Sirohi
Department of Zoology,
B.S.A. College,
Mathura
, U.P.,  India.

 

Abstract : Taxonomic studies undertaken on Tetranychoid mites associated with vegetables and fruit crops growing in Mathura and surrounding regions revealed the occurrence of two new species of Eutetranychus mites belonging to family Tetranychidae. Both the new species are fully described with adequate illustrations and affinities with related species. One species is very close to Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) but differs in having distally bilobed peretreme, and different chaetotaxy of legs. Species is closely related to E. indicus sp.nov. but strikingly differs due to irregular V-shaped pattern between the seond and third pair of dorsocentral hysterosomals, simple unlobed bulb like ending of peretreme and indiffrent chaetotacy of legs.

 

Key words: Eutetranychus mites, Mathura, Tetranychoid mites, E. indicus

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 387-398

Bio-Environmental Approach for Vector Control

M. F. Alam 1, A.K. Chopra* 1, V.K. Dua 2 and S. Yadav 3

1.   Department of Zoology and Environmental Science,
      Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttranchal, India

2.   National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), F/S, BHEL,
      Ranipur, Haridwar, Uttranchal, India

3.   National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Nanak Inclave, New Delhi, India

Abstract : The emergence and resurgence of many mosquito borne diseases such as malaria, encephalitis, filariasis and dengue not only cause mortality and morbidity in human but also affect their socio-economic development. Urbanization with poor sanitation increases the number of breeding places for mosquitoes. Malaria is by far the most important insect transmitted disease. As per latest WHO estimates, there are 300-500 million cases of clinical malaria per year, with 1.4-2.6 million deaths, mainly among African children. Malaria is therefore a major cause of infant mortality and is the only insect borne parasitic disease comparable to the world's major killer transmissible diseases. Chemical insecticides are no longer considered as panacea in the control of vectors because of high cost, environmental pollution, elimination of natural regulators and the development of resistance by vectors. This has necessitated the search for alternative control measures for the containment of vector mosquitoes. The only possible alternatives are bio-environmental control measures which are feasible, socially acceptable, environmentally improved and cost effective in affected areas. Bio-environmental approach for controlling vector borne diseases is the only solution in absence of vaccine. Thus, there is an urgent need to intensify the importance of bio-environmental approach for vector control in endemic/epidemic areas on long term basis in the developing countries like India.

Key words : malaria, encephalitis, filariasis, dengue
 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 399-404

Modulation of Radiation Induced Biochemical Changes in Brain of Swiss Albino Mice by Grewia asiatica

Muktika Ahaskar and Rashmi Sisodia*
Radiation Biology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.


Abstract : Increasing use of nuclear radiation for human welfare necessitates a new, safe and cost effective radioprotector not only for personnels charged with responsibility of testing or working with radiations in laboratories, but also for the general public. Keeping this in view, the study has been undertaken to find out the possible radioprotective potential of the Grewia asiatica fruit extract (GAE), having high content of antioxidants like vitamin C, anthocyanin and folate that may play a possible role in radioprotection. For the sexperimental study, healthy Swiss albino mice were selected from an inbred colony and divided into four groups. Group I (normal) did not receive any treatment. Group II was orally supplemented (GAE), once daily, at the dose of 700 mg/Kg.b.wt/day for fifteen consecutive   days. Group III (control) received distilled water orally equivalent to GAE for fifteen days than exposed to 5 Gy of gamma radiation. Group IV (experimental) was administered orally (GAE) for 15 consecutive days, once daily, and exposed to single dose of 5Gy of gamma radiation. Mice were sacrificed at different post irradiation intervals viz. 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days. Brain was removed for various biochemical estimations viz. glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). GAE supplementation checked the augmentation levels of LPO due to radiation, approximately by 5% at day 30th post irradiation whereas radiation induced depleted levels of GSH could be raised by 14.57% by the day 30th post exposure.

Key words: Grewia asiatica, Antioxidant, Brain, Radioprotection

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 405-408

Importance of Shade Characteristics of Anterior Teeth for Artificial Replacement Introduction

Surendra Agrawal
People General Hospital
Bye -Pass Road, Near Karond,
Bhopal (M.P.), India


Abstract : An investigation was undertaken on 1020 subjects comprising of both the sexes between 18-57 years of age group to find out the shade characteristic in relation to location of the teeth. Various shade difference in relation to incisors and canines and on maxillary and mandibular teeth were indentified for anterior teeth. The results of the study showed several variables like canines were darker than the incisors, mandibular teeth were slightly lighter than the maxillary anterior teeth.  Since the anterior teeth show one or many of these shades difference, a consideration must be given to incorporate some of these shade variation on anterior restoration. The result on the study provided guidelines for incorporation of these shade variation during the fabrication of anterior restoration.

Key words : Shade Characteristics, Anterior Teeth, Artificial Replacement.
 

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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 409-410
 

Contact Fungicides and Biological Equilibrium of Soil
 

Charanjit Kaur 1, P. Maini 2 and N.P.  Shukla 3

1.   Chemistry Department, Sri Satya Sai College For Women,
      Bhopal P.O Habibganj, BHEL M.P., India.

2.   Institute of Excellence in Higher Education,
      Kolar Road, Bhopal, M.P., India

3.   MAPCOST, Bhopal, M.P., India

 

Abstract : Fungicides are one of the essential inputs in the improved technology for increasing crop production through crop protection. Contact fungicides Blitox and Fungimar are used widely as foliar sprays for control of many plant diseases . As major portion of fungicides applied to economically important crops eventually finds its way to soil, may disrupt the activities of microorganisms in the soil and thereby altering the biological equilibrium of soil . It is therefore planned to study the biological health of the soil with the help of viable counts of nine strains of R. japonicum after 21, 30 & 45 days intervals at 100 to 500 ppm concentrations of the two Contact Fungicides. Results reveal that Blitox is more compatible than Fungimar to R. japonicum.

 

Key words : Blitox, Fungimar R. japonicum, Fungicides, Viable counts.


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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2006, 411-427

Plants and Plant-Products used in Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers

Manoj Dixit 1 and P.C. Trivedi 2

1.   L.B.S.College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, India

2.   Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan,
      Jaipur, India – 302004

Abstract : Gastric ulcers are caused due to imbalances between offensive (e.g., acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori) and defensive factors (e.g., gastric mucus, bicarbonate secretion, rapid cell turnover, high blood flow) of the gastro-duodenal mucosa. Plant extracts are some of the most attractive sources of new drugs and have been shown to produce promising results for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Factors such as easy availability of herbal remedies, accessibility to practitioners at all times and an inherent faith, particularly in rural areas, in “natural things”, also complement the desire of large sectors of the population to use medicinal herbs for therapeutic purposes. Many people in Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are turning to alternative medicine – to some extent because of the side effects induced by powerful, synthetic, allopathic drugs. Herbal medicine is one of the alternatives people are turning to. An attempt has been made to summarize some of the important anti-ulcer studies done with herbal plants and to provide clues and avenues for future research.

Key words : Gastric, Duodenal ulcers, Plant, Herbal medicine.


 

   
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