Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 1-4
Microwave Assisted Oxidation of Malonic Acid in Dioxane and Tetrahydrofuran
by Ditertiary Butyl Chromate and Ditertiary Amyl Chromate
Sangita Katre1, Anita Kumari Gupta2 and H. O. Pandey3
1 Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, R.U. Ranchi
2 Deptt. of Chemistry, S. S. Memorial
College, Ranchi, Jharkhand
3 Department of Chemistry, R.U. Ranchi
Abstract : Microwaves are being used as an alternative heat source in organic synthesis. Microwave Assisted
Organic Synthesis (MAOS) is being adopted in almost all the industrial, pharmaceutical and academic laboratories
to carry out a variety of organic reactions. In recent years, researchers have applied microwaves as tool in order to
minimise reaction time, avoid side products, increase yield and simplify the course of reactions for combinatorial
chemistry. In this paper, we report the microwave assisted oxidation of malonic acid in dioxane and tetrahydrofuran
(THF) as solvents by ditertiary butyl chromate (TBC) and ditertiary amyl chromate (TAC) which have proven to be
potent and versatile oxidising agents.
Key words : Microwave, Malonic acid, Dioxane, Tetrahydrofuran, Ditertiary butyl chromate, Ditertiary amyl
chromate
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 5-10
Solid waste management by use of Effective Microorganisms Technology
Ms. Dipti Kumar Kale 1*, Dr. (Mrs.) P.D. Anthappan 2Ms. Dipti Kumar Kale 1*, Dr. (Mrs.) P.D. Anthappan 2
1. Department of Biotechnology, R.J.College, University of Mumbai.
Mumbai – 400 086.
E. Mail – kaledipti_k@rediffmail.com / kaledipti_k@yahoo.co.in,
Contact No. 9892415191
2. Head, Department of Microbiology, Bhavan's College, University of Mumbai.
Bhavan's College, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (W) Mumbai – 400 058
Abstract : The quantity of waste generated due to urbanization pose a major problem of proper and adequate treatment, so that its final disposal should not cause environment pollution. Many scientific techniques have been discovered for proper waste management, followed by its disposal. But today, it is necessary to use such a method which can convert waste into reusable by-product. Thus with the aim to combat pollution, this research topic highlights the use of one of the simple and easy method; Effective Microorganism (EM) Technology, is the one in which organisms from natural sources are utilized to convert waste into a reusable byproduct. It has desirable effect of increase in organic carbon (OC), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphate (PO ) and potassium (K) content 4 of waste. In this study it was found that OC, OM, N, PO , K, increased at an average of 22.67%, 39.09% , 1.84%, 495mg./lit, 2.88mg./lit. respectively when compared with control where the EM was not added . Based on the result obtained , it was concluded that the use of EM technology has desirable effect which has been observed by many studies.
Key words : Effective Microorganisms, Activated Effective Microorganisms, Bokashi, Waste Management.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 11-18
Application of RS / GIS Technologies for Proposed Crude Oil Pipeline Project
N.C. Kankal and M. Sathae
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg,
Nagpur-440 020 (Mah.); India
Abstract : All developmental projects are bound to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies due
to major impact, which they exert on the environment. In the present study, Remote Sensing / GIS based knowledge
have been applied for the assessment of various impacts that could be imposed on the environment due to the
proposed pipeline project from Barmer (Rajasthan) to Bhogat Terminal, Jambagar (Gujarat). The remote sensing
data have been stratified to obtain various thematic layers using GIS tools to obtain the land use / land cover details
of the area along the length of pipeline (i.e. 2.5 kms on both the sides of pipeline route). The land use / land cover
classification has been processed by supervised classification. The different spectral signatures have been classified
into six distinct class among which land with fallow is the major class comprising 60.13%, followed by sand with
scare vegetation 9.07%, scrub land 8.86%, land with sand 8.17% and less than 3% of other classes of the study area.
Thus pipeline entails a comprehensive strategy for routine operation and maintenance, damage prevention, safety,
environmental protection and emergency response. Pipeline route passing through usually sensitive areas like
water supply reservoir, populated areas and ecologically sensitive areas need extra precaution against accidental
spillage. Thus, scientific planning of pipeline route can reduce environmental impacts, cost and time of pipeline
project execution.
Key words : Effective Microorganisms, Activated Effective Microorganisms, Bokashi, Waste Management.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 19-22
Science, Technology and Ethics : Hype Vs Hope
Shikha Jain and A.L. Bhatia
Department of Zoology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
E-mail : shikha.jain1711@gmail.com
Abstract : Technology as the double-edged phenomenon now poses a serious challenge to human reflection and
demands our immediate attention because due to productive process and effective strategy, it has evolved from
science as assumed the form of ever-fertile source of power and thus has been a great temptation for the power
seeker. Critics of technology sometimes point out that new or prospective technologies raise difficult moral
questions, and they insinuate that this is a reason not to develop or introduce such technologies in the first place.
Biotechnology, or medical technologies like genetic engineering or network technology, and now Environmental
Engineering, often receive criticism of this sort. It should be mandatory to observe social responsibility in science
and technology, and above all in medicine and environment. Consequent problems of limits, restraints and control
relating to this mighty force require wide ranging awareness and a critical dialogue to meet the challenges. The
logics based upon the adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations may be the proposed strategic and
premeditated theory on ethical education on the use of technology. Author proposes strategy with an emphasis on
educational policy right from light learning activities in the classroom to a short term but long-lasting impact for the
young children through certain planned ways which could make a brain-etching luminous pathways as ethics is not
taught but it is caught, it makes an imprint in brain and impression in the subconscious minds that are the result of
prolonged exposure of stimuli to brain through receptor organs in various manners. The principle of 7 Es i.e. how
exposure to experiences, education, enrichment of knowledge, elimination of fear and engravings in brain lead to
ethics of technology. It will be giving us enlightened citizens and future policy-makers and leaders. Author
advocates the inclusion of certain lessons in curriculum whereby children should cultivate rationality of the use of
science and eliminate fear against technology. This would enable us to permeate the right learning in their brains
leading to the development of their right mindsets and associate behaviour.
Key words : Technology, Double-edged, Environmental Engineering, Brain, Ethics.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 23-26
Histopathological Changes in the gills of air breathing teleost Clarias batrachus
Linn. Exposed to endosulfan
Somdutta Moitra, Ranjeeta Bhattacharjee and N.S.Sen*
Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi-834008
Abstract : The impact of Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide on the gills of Indian freshwater catfish, Clarias
batrachus was evaluated. The experimental group was exposed to 0.5μg/L of endosulfan for 30 days. Experimental
and control fishes were sacrificed every 10 days for 30 days. The gills were fixed in Bouin's solution, dehydrated in
graded ethanol, infiltrated in xylene, sectioned at 4-6μm and stained in hematoxylin and eosin. Epithelial necrosis,
hypertrophy of epithelial cells, rupture of gill epithelium and hemorrhage at primary lamellae were observed in
fishes after 10 days of exposure, while lifting of the epithelium, oedema and fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae
were conspicuous in fishes of 20 days of exposure. No effects were however observed in control fishes. The authors
believe that endosulfan is significantly toxic to the fish, so much so that it may lead to asphyxia and subsequent
killing of the fish.
Key words : Endosulfan, Clarias batrachus, Gill, Epithelial necrosis.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 27-38
Control of Aspergillus parasiticum NCIM 898 infection in potato tubers using biosurfactant
OA D Mule1, Z P Bhathena2
1 Department of Microbiology, Bhavan's College, Andheri, Mumbai 400 058
2 Corresponding Author E. Mail ID : zarine_bhathena@rediffmail.com
Abstract : Increasing microbial infections in plant, seeks an innovative sustainable alternative that could be used
to sustain food production by diminishing the viability and infectivity of the phytopathogen. Sternophomonas
maltophila isolated from oil contaminated environment, was screened for its ability to produce biosurfactant
assessed based on its potential to reduce surface tension. Biosurfactant property of Sternophomonas maltophila was
confirmed by RBC haemolysis. Biosurfactant extracted by organic extraction method, was used in the control of
aflatoxin producing potato tuber mold Aspergillus parasiticum NCIM 898. A direct biosurfactant application at 10%
concentration was found to cause complete spore lysis and could be useful in eliminating this mold infection in
potato tubers..
Key words : Biosurfactant, Sternophomonas maltophila, Aflatoxin, Aspergillus parasiticum NCIM 898.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 39-48
Water Quality Index of Surface Water Bodies of Gujarat, India
N.C. Kankal, M.M. Indurkar, S.K. Gudadhe and S.R. Wate2
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg
Nagpur - 440020 (Mah.); India.
Abstract: Present communication deals with a study of Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Temperature,
Total Suspended Solids, Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate, Phosphate and Fecal
coliform in water samples of rivers, lake and canal in Gujarat state of India. The water quality of the samples was
compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory
for drinking and irrigation purposes. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the overall quality of
water samples. The results show that the water quality index is observed in the range of 44-61 and expected in the
range of 45-64 which shows marginally water quality for drinking purposes. The water quality index is calculated by
indicator (100-point scale) shows that this water can be used for drinking purpose after purification treatment.
Results show that quality for irrigation purpose is quite good.
Key words : Water Quality Index, Rivers, Lake, Canal, Surface water.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 48-52
Biochemical Analysis of Blood and Meat Samples of African Ostriches (Struthio
camelus) from Ostrich Farms around Almaty, Kazakhstan
Anuar Orumbayev1*, Amanzhol Tanatarov2, Shokhan Alpeisov3
1 PhD- doctorate. Department of Animal Science and Food Chain Issues, Kazakh National Agrarian
University, Abay Prospect 8, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2 Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor. Departament of Animal Science and Food Chain Issues, Kazakh
National Agrarian University, Abay Prospect 8, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3 Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Abay Prospect 8, Almaty,
Kazakhstan.
Abstract : TThe primary way to improve productivity of livestock animals is based in finding the just right
combination of feeding and raising technique. In Kazakhstan, ostrich farming started in 2001, and today it is a
lucrative and perspective business because of low content of fat and cholesterol in the meat without the health at risk.
In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to standardize the components of diet in reference to some
haematological parameters and fat and protein contents in red meat. The higher % of hemoglobin and erythrocyte
counts were recorded, there is 1% increase in hemoglobin in male than female. Whereas, 0.12 % increase in
erythrocyte counts were recorded in male than female. The cholesterol contents in meat of ostriches were 32 mg
/100 g which is lowest in comparison to other birds and edible mammalian. Therefore, ostrich meat and also
feathers, leather and ostrich products are highly valued and demandable items in the world market with good
untapped potential.
Key words : African ostrich, Meat, Fat, Cholesterol.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 53-56
Effects of physical parameters of tumors on the early lung cancer recognition by
MCNP code
D. Rezaei-Ochbolagh a, M. Moradi, S. Salmannezhad
Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil,
I. R. of Iran
Abstract : Applications of the Monte Carlo method in medical physics cover almost all topics, including
radiation protection, diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. MCNP is a general-purpose
Monte Carlo N-Particle code that can be used for neutron, photon, electron, or coupled
neutron/photon/electron transport. In this work, the MCNP4C code was used for simulating lung and trachea.
In order to recognize growing tumor, a tumor with determined properties was defined in lung that activated by
doping of 99mTc. We observed count rate has downfallen because of tumor presence. This means that photons
that emitted from 99mTc have been absorbed by tumor. In other words, this method can recognize existence of
grown tumor in lung. This method shows when a tumor is growing 7cm depth in lung, it can be detected by
point detector.
Key words : Lung Cancer, MCNP4C, Monte Carlo simulation, Recognition radiology.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 57-60
Giemsa Banding in Two Mammalian Species of India
*Shashi Prabha Agrawal, Ashok Kumar Saxena and Vijendra Singh
1. Department of Zoology, D.A.V. College, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur. Phone – 9335014995
E-mail : agrawals1111@yahoo.in
2. Department of Zoology, D.A.V. College, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur. Phone – 9451285252
E-mail: vijaykanpur@rediffmail.com
3. Department of Zoology, D.A.V. College, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur. Phone - 9450136112
Abstract : Two species of Indian mammal house rat (male), Rattus rattus rattus (Linn.), and five striped squirrel
(female) Funambulus pennanti (Wr.) were used for G-banding. The bands produced were specific for each
chromosome pair in these animals. Correlation, dissimilarities and polymorphism have been recorded from both
species. The G-bands were exhibited in densely packed regions of DNP fibrils along chromatids.
Key words : G-banding, Polymorphism, DNP Fibrils, Chromatids, Chromosome.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 61-64
Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Parameters of Bharawas Pond,
Rewari, Haryana
Kavita Sahni and Sheela Yadav
Department of Zoology Vedic Kanya P.G.
Mahavidhyalaya, Raja Park, Jaipur
e-mail : drksahni@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: The present paper deals with the seasonal variations in some important Physico-chemical parameters of Bharawas pond, district Rewari. A total of 17 parameters were recorded during the study period. Most
of the parameters viz. temperature, transparency, EC, Free CO , DO, Chloride, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, T.alkalinity, 2
T.hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Salinity, TDS and phosphate were badly affected while only pH and nitrate were
found within range. It was also observed that the pollutant receiving water body appears as an aquatic desert which is
most unsuitable for aquatic biota and for aquaculture.
Key words: Bharawas pond, pollution, aquaculture
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 65-70
Anticholinesterase Efficacy of Bacopa monnieri against the Brain Regions of Rat
- A novel approach to therapy for Alzheimer’s disease
Ahirwar S.1, Tembhre M. , Gour S. , Namdeo A.
Toxicology Laboratory, Sant Hirdaram Girls College, Bhopal - 462030, India
Abstract: DBacopa monnieri (Neer Brahmi) is a well-known memory enhancer in Indian folklore. Ethanol extract
of both leaves and stems of Bacopa monnieri was detected to have acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. The in
vivo anticholinesterase effect of ethanol extract of Bacopa monnieri on discrete brain regions of male albino rat was
studied. The oral dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of ethanol extract of Bacopa monnieri inhibited
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) differentially in various brain regions viz. Cerebral cortex (51.6 %) > Cerebellum
(51%) > Pons (44 %) > Thalamus (41.6 %) > Hippocampus (38.1 %) > Brain stem (34.3 %) > Striatum (24.9 %). In
vivo enzyme kinetic study indicated enhancement of Km values for AChE in each brain region due to extract of
Bacopa monnieri. The highest increase in Km value was observed in the cerebral cortex while lowest in the brain
stem. However, Vmax was unchanged in treated group and remained same as that of control group. Thus, extract of
Bacopa monnieri elicited competitive inhibition in AChE in all brain regions studied. Bacopa monnieri may provide
a potential natural source of bioactive compounds and maybe beneficial to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Key words : Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Alzheimer’s disease, Bacopa monnieri, Rat, Brain regions, Km,
Vmax.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012; 71-75
Allocation of Major Air Pollutants in Rural Environment near Municipal Solid
Waste Dumping Site Mathuradaspura- Jaipur, Rajasthans
Anirudh Sahni* and Abhishek Gautam**
1Department of Environmental Science
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (Ranchi), Jaipur Campus
* Senior Scientific Officer, ** Project Fellow
Abstract: The municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in the cities has resulted in severe problems. The
unplanned dumping of MSW of Jaipur city is done in open land near the village Mathuradaspura. The present study
was carried out to understand the impact of MSW on air environment. The air sampling was done for the analysis of
suspended particulate matter (SPM), sulphur dioxide (SO ) and nitrogen oxides (NO ) at Meena ki Dhani, Badi ka 2 X
Baas, Langriyabas and Rupa ki Nangal. The study for the four seasons namely summer, monsoon, winters and
autumn revealed the highest range of SPM (614-624 μg/m3), SO (35.5-37.5 μg/m3) and NO (26.5-27.0 μg/m3) at 2 X
Meena ki Dhani during Autumn season. The air pollution caused may harm the people residing in core and nearby
study area and flora and fauna. A statistical study showed that pollution levels at Meena ki Dhani has direct
correlation (r = 0.86, 0.97, 0.97) with the other three villages. The dumping site is slowly being polluted due to
frequent dumping of municipal solid waste.
Key words: Air pollutants, Municipal Solid Waste, Impact, Correlation, Environment, Human Health.
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