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VOLUME 21: ISSUE 2
CONTENTS YEAR 2007
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* corresponding author
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 179-190
Preparing to Monitor for Sustainable Use of the Planet
John Cairns, Jr.
Department of Biological Sciences,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Abstract : Monitoring humankind's activities is common, for example,
intensive care patients in hospitals, pharmaceuticals, food supplies,
industrial processes, and economic health. Basically, monitoring is used to
confirm that previously established quality control conditions are being
met. If they are not, remedial measures are taken promptly. Monitoring for
sustainable use of the planet will be orders of magnitude more complex than
the systems just mentioned, but the principle remains the same - a
feedback-loop providing information about the system of concern is essential
to verify that the system is functioning within acceptable limits. The
absence of a sound monitoring system significantly increases the probability
of unpleasant surprises. Since humankind must live sustainably for at least
several generations to increase confidence that its practices are
sustainable, the development time for the monitoring system will be
extensive. Choosing the attributes to be monitored will be challenging, and
the synthesis and integration of such diverse information will require much
skill, especially in communication. However, the computer age makes coping
with vast amounts of diverse information possible for the first time in
human history. Paying attention to seemingly inconsequential components of
sustainability, such as individual commitment, has merit.
Keywords : Sustainability monitoring, Resource wars, Environmental
quality control, Information feedback loops, Biospheric life support system.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 191-204
Phantom Land and
Ghost Slaves : Humankind's Addiction to Fossil Energy
John Cairns, Jr.
Department of Biological Sciences,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Abstract : Humankind uses vast amounts of fossil energy accumulated
millions of years ago. The rate of use is many orders of magnitude greater
than the replacement rate. Peak oil is the most immediate problem, and
replacing this rate of energy use with biofuels is problematic. Coal is an
alternative but produces more severe environment problems than petroleum and
is less suitable for some forms of transportation such as airplanes. Nuclear
energy does not produce greenhouse gases, but does generate troublesome
waste disposal problems (e.g., one-million-year storage for some
components). Solar and wind power are proven alternatives, but are not
likely to generate sufficient energy to replace the petroleum no longer
available. The prudent course of action, then, is reduced energy consumption
per capita. As the Marks et al. (2006) report illustrates, high energy and
material goods consumption is not highly correlated with happiness (i.e.,
satisfaction). Even if high consumption were related to happiness, continued
extremely high energy consumption would probably not be justified. The
approximately 100-200 years of the petroleum era are a brief, aberrant
period of human history, and breaking this addiction will be painful, but
not fatal.
Keywords : Peak oil, Petroleum era, Reduced energy consumption,
Carrying capacity, Environmental refugees, Energy return on investment.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 205-214
Integrating Information from Different Levels of Biological
Organization - What Then ?
John Cairns, Jr.
Department of Biological Sciences,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Abstract : Global ecological problems as well as regional problems
require information from a variety of levels of biological organization from
single species to ecosystems. Both scientists and decision makers benefit
from synthesis of this information, especially when coupled with
chemical/physical information. Synthesized information is also more easily
communicated to the general public, especially if the minutiae so
fascinating to specialists are avoided. However, neither integration nor
synthesis should be an afterthought, but should be incorporated into the
original project design. A continual flow of information should be
maintained during the data gathering stage so that midcourse corrections can
be made when significant interactions are discovered. However, if the
scientific information conflicts with political ideology, it should not be
rejected.
Keywords : Synthesizing information, Global data management,
Information flow, Data connections, Levels of biological organization,
Global commons.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 215-226
Risk Analysis of Landfill Gas Emissions: A Report on Mid Auchencarroch
Project
Telemachus C. Koliopoulos1 and Georgia Koliopoulou2
1. Environmental Consultancy, Centre for Environmental Management
Research,
University of Strathclyde, Greece.
2. Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School,
University of Athens, Greece.
Abstract : A risk assessment base of landfill gas migration is
presented in order to avoid the associated risks for any receptors next to
landfill boundaries. Simulation and quantitative analysis of landfill gas
emissions based on the field data of Mid Auchencarroch experimental landfill
project are studied in four different cells. The aim of the experimental
results presented here is to simulate the effects of landfill management
techniques on produced landfill gas emissions, with the objective of
minimizing any risks and associated environmental impacts protecting public
health. Useful conclusions of the analysis presented are made to minimize
the risks associated with landfill emissions and to protect flora, fauna,
buildings and the architectural environment.
Keywords : Risk analysis, Waste biodegradation, Solid waste
management, Landfill gas, Environmental Impact Assessment, Numerical
modeling, Spatial analysis, Public health.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 227-232
Application of CT-Scan in Evaluation of Transportation of Root Canal
during Endodontic Retreatment
Nazari Sh.*1, Samavat H.2, Mirmotalebi F.3
and Shahriari Sh.1
1 Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamedan Universty of Medial
Seiences, Hamedan, IRAN.
2 Department of Medial Physics, Hamedan University of Medial Science,
Hamedan, IRAN
3 Restorative Density Department, Faulty of Density, Hamedan, IRAN
Abstract : Non surgical endodentic re-treatment is a way to correct
the factors responsible for the failure of previous endodontic therapy. New
Rotary Ni-Ti instruments have been shown to prepare moderate to severely
curved root canals with efficient shaping and minimum straightening of the
root canal. The rotary NiTi ProFile maintained the original curvature
significantly better than hand stainless steel Flex-R.
Keywords : Endodontic re-treatment, Apical transportation, Dental
Instruments.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 233-237
Response Function of a 3×3 in. NaI Scintillation Detector in the
range of 0.081 to 4.438 MeV
Hashem Miri Hakimabad, Hamed Panjeh* and Alireza Vejdani-Noghreiyan
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran & FUM Radiation Detection And Measurement Laboratory,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Abstract : Response functions of a 3×3 in. NaI detector, which is
mainly used in PGNAA applications, have been calculated by using MCNP-4C
code. Calculated results are compared with measured data by using standard
g-ray sources to check their accuracy.
g-rays from radioisotope sources were
used in the range from 0.081 to 4.438 MeV for this determination. Through
the precise modeling of the detector structure, the agreement between both
results has been improved.
Keywords : FWHM; GEB; NaI (Tl); MCNP code; Monte Carlo simulation;
Nonlinear response; Response function; PGNAA
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 239-248
Effects of a-Tocopherol
on Liver Biochemistry of aEffects Endosulfan Intoxicated
Mice: A Preliminary Study
Najma Arshad1*, Gulnaz Shabbir1, Shahla Aleem1 and Muhammad Arshad2
1. Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab,
Lahore, Pakistan.
2. Department of Zoology, Government College University,
Lahore, Pakistan.
Abstract : The present study was designed to evaluate the protective
role of a-tocopherol (vit.E) against the toxic effects of chlorinated
insecticide endosulfan. Forty male albino mice were used as mammalian model
in this study. Animals were divided into 4 groups (ten animals each) on the
basis of Vitamin-E treatment and endosulfan exposure, Vitamin treatment was
started 15 days prior to 1st exposure to endosulfan. Animals were exposed to
endosulfan @ 5 mg/kg body weight by intramuscular route and vitamin-E @ 80
mg/kg body weight, was administered by forced drinking. Animals were
sacrificed after 15 and 30 days of first exposure to endosulfan and the role
of Vitamin-E in reducing Endosulfan induced toxicity was evaluated by using
liver tissue biochemistry. Comparisons were made with respective control
groups.
A significant inhibition was found in (1) Alkaline phosphatase in both
vitamin non-treated and vitamin treated exposed groups at 30 days, (2)
protein, and body weight in only vitamin non-treated exposed groups after 15
and 30 days. In contrast a significant elevation was observed in (1) GOT and
RNA at 15 and 30 days and (2) LDH at 30 days in both vitamin non-treated and
vitamin treated exposed groups. The comparison was also made between vitamin
treated and non treated exposed groups, it showed a pronounced elevation in,
LDH (15 & 30 days), RNA (15 days) , DNA & GOT (30 days) in vitamin non
treated exposed group. It can be concluded from present study that
Endosulfan alters various biochemical parameters (AP, GOT, LDH, RNA and
protein) and a-tocopherol may play a protective role in reducing toxicity of
endosulfan.
Key words :
a-tocopherol, Liver Biochemistry, Endosulfan Intoxicated
Mice
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 249-258
Gamma Shielding Design Studies on 252Cf and 241Am-Be Neutron Sources
Hashem Miri-Hakimabad, Alireza Vejdani Noghreiyan and Hamed Panjeh
Physics Department, Faculty of Science,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran
Abstract : The 252Cf radioisotope and 241Am-Be are intense neutron
emitters that are readily encapsulated in compact, portable, sealed sources.
They have wide range of applications in laboratories, industries and
medicines, because of their high flux and reliable neutron spectrum. They
are cost-effective neutron sources for Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation
Analysis (PGNAA). PGNAA method can be used in medicine for neutron
radiography and body chemical composition analysis. 252Cf and 241Am-Be
sources generate not only neutrons, but also emit high-energy that are
useless when using PGNAA method. Also the sample in medical treatments is a
human body that is forced to be under the harmful bombardments of
undesirable gamma-rays. In addition accumulations of these high-rate
gamma-rays in the detector volume eventuate simultaneous pulses that can be
piled up and distort spectra in the region of interest (ROI). All of these
restrictions forced us to attenuate these gamma-rays in a practical way
without being concerned about losing the neutron flux or significant
undesirable alteration in the neutron spectrum. Gamma-rays contribute 68% of
the total activity from a 252Cf fission neutron source and 37.5% from a
241Am-Be. To reduce these gamma-ray components, spherical shields of
variable radius, made of Pb, Bi and Hg separately, were considered that
enclosing neutron source. Gamma-ray shielding effects and optimum radius of
spherical shield and the proper material have been investigated and compared
with the unfiltered case, bare source, by Monte Carlo simulation, using MCNP
4C code.
Key words : Gamma shielding, Neutron sources, MCNP, 252Cf and
241Am-Be sources
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 259-295
Use of Certain Naturally Ocurring Herbal Grain Protectants against
Sitophilus oryzae Linn. (Coleoptera :Curculionidae)
Sushil Kumar, Mamta Bhadauria, A.K.S. Chauhan and B.S. Chandel*
Deptt. of Zoology, Narain College, Shikohabad, India
*Deptt. of Zoology, D.B.S. College, Kanpur.,India
Abstract : Effect on life process of S. oryzae was observed in grains
treated with various grain protectants. All grain protectants were found to
be significantly superior in affecting the life process of the pest over
untreated check, the oil of A. indica (18.00 eggs) was found to be most
effective in reducing the number of egg laid by weevil which was followed by
A. indica powder, M. azedarach and M. dioica being 21.00, 24.67 and 31.00
eggs, respectively. The incubation period was non significant in different
grain protectants which varied from 6.48 to 8.95 days. However, it was 6.48
days in M. azedarach signify the minimum larval period was in the treatment
C. nucifera (19.30days), significantly highest larval period (26.50 days)
was recorded on grains treated with A. indica powder. There was no
significant variation in pupal period of the pest and it ranged from 12.54
to 13.94 days in different treatments. The F1 population of the pest ranged
from 3.33 to 31.00 adults in different grain protectants, while it was 76.33
adults in untreated check. The less number of weevils were found in grains
treated with A. indica oil. The wheat grains treated with different grains
protectants the grain damage by S. oryzae was maximum in grains treated with
C. nucifera (39.39 percent) and minimum (4.65 percent) in A. indica oil. The
loss in weight of the wheat grains in different grain protectants was
significantly less, which ranged from 1.95 to 23.02 percent in comparison of
untreated check ( 48.63 percent ).
Keywords : Sitophilus oryzae, Grain protectants, Azadirachta indica,
Momordica dioica, Melia azedarach, Brassica juncea
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 267-272
Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Metabolites Isolated from Selected
Medicinal Plants
Vandana Mathur, Sharad Vats, Megha Jain, Jaya Bhojak and Raka Kamal*
Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology,
Department of Botany & Biotechnology,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Abstract : The rotenoids and flavonoids isolated from Derris indica
(L) Benette, ethanolic extract of root of Withania somnifera (L) Dunal and
fruits of Terminalia belerica Roxb were evaluated for antimicrobial activity
against two bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae) and two
fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium tubesulum) using Filter Paper Disc
Method. The maximum activity against E.coli was recorded in the rotenoid
fraction from pods and subsequently from flavonoids extracts of D. indica (IZ;
5 and 4 mm, respectively), which was at par with ethanolic extract of root
of W. somnifera (4 mm). Against the E. cloacae rotenoids from pods and stem
of D. indica gave significant IZ (3 mm). In case of A. flavus significant
antifungal activity was found in flavonoids and rotenoids (stem and leaves)
isolates of D. indica (6 mm), which was at par with the rotenoids from pods
of D. indica and ethanolic fraction of fruits of T. belerica against P.
tubesulum. The present study confirms the antimicrobial activity of isolated
rotenoids and flavonoids for the first time.
Keywords : Antimicrobial Activity, Withania somnifera (L), Derris
indica, Rotenoids and Flavonoids
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 273-278
Triazoles : Their Effects on Net Photosynthetic Rate, Transpiration
Rate and Stomatal Resistance in Setaria italica Plants grown in vivo
Rhadha Bisht, Premlata Singariya, Navish Mathur and S.P.Bohra
Stress Physiology Laboratory,
Depatment of Botany,
J.N. Vyas University, Jodhpur -342005, India.
Abstract : The effects of different concentration of triazoles [Triademefon
(TDM) and Paclobutrazol (PBZ)] on net photosynthetic rate, transpiration
rate and stomatal resistance were studied in Setaria italica plants grown
under field conditions. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr)
and stomatal resistances (Sr) were recorded after second and fifth day of
third treatment. Plants treated with triadimefon (5 and 10mg/liter) and
paclabutrazol (5 and 20 mg/liter). Highest Pn was observed in TDM
(5mg/liter) whereas lowest Pn in PBZ (5mg/liter) after second and fifth day.
Tr increased with increasing concentrations of both treatments. After second
treatment, Sr increased with higher concentration of TDM and PBZ whereas
after fifth day Sr enhanced with increasing concentration of TDM but
decreased with of PBZ.
Keywords : Triazoles, Triadimefon, Paclobutrazole, Net photosynthetic
rate, Transpiration rate, and Stomatal resistance.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 279-282
Isolation and Identification of Trigonelline from the Tissue Culture
of Allium sativum Linn.
Kapil Kumar Saxena and Shikha Roy
Department of Botany,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Abstract : Trigonelline is an important bioactive compound of plants.
Tissue culture technique is being used for producing bioactive compounds.
The Trigonelline was extracted the in vitro raised callus of A. sativum. The
amount of Trigonelline was higher in 8 weeks old callus (0.86 mg/g d.w.).
The maximum growth index of A. sativum (7.90) was observed in eight weeks
old callus tissue. Present study deals with the isolation and identification
of Trigonelline of A. sativm.
Key words : Trigonelline, Isolation, Tissue culture, Allium sativum.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 283-290
Ethnomedicinal Plants used in Skin Diseases by some Indo-Mongoloid
Communities of Assam
Jitu Buragohain1* and B. K. Konwar2
1. Department of Botany, Namrup College,
Parbatpur-786 623, Dist. Dibrugarh, Assam
2. Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology,
Tezpur University, Napaam-784 028, Dist. Sonitpur, Assam
Abstract : An ethnobotanical study was carried out among five
Indo-Mongoloid communities largely distributed in Upper Assam, India to
document plants used in various skin diseases. A total of 68 plant species
belonging to 40 families were recorded. Majority of the plant species
described in the present paper was used in the treatment of abscesses,
septic ulcers, scabies, ringworm, allergy and pimples. Most of the herbal
remedies were taken externally in the form of paste. All these plants and
plant parts need to be evaluated through phyto and pharmaco-chemical
investigations to discover their potentiality as drugs. There is an urgent
need to explore and document the ethnomedicinal plants used by the tribal
and other communities of Assam before such valuable knowledge vanishes.
Keywords : Assam, Ethnobotanical study, Indo-Mongoloid communities,
Skin diseases.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 291-296
Effects of Enzyme Inducers in Therapeutic Efficacy of Rosiglitazone:
An Antidiabetic Drug in Albino Rats
Anand Chaurasia1*, P.K. Karar2, A.S. Mann1
and M.D. Kharya1
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003; India
2 Department of Pharmacy,
Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar (TN) 608 002; India
Abstract : The effect of enzyme inducers on therapeutic efficacy of Rosiglitazone (an antidiabetic drug) was evaluated by using alloxan induced
diabetic rats. The results exhibit the combined adminstration of enzyme
inducers like rifampicin, phenobarbitone and phenytoin with Rosiglitazone
was contraindicated. The purpose of the study reveals that if Rosiglitazone
drug combined with said enzyme inducers then therapeutic efficacy of
Rosiglitazone being altered. Because enzyme inducers induced cytochrome P450
by enhancing the rate of its synthesis and/or reducing the rate of
degradation. Therefore, combined administration of enzyme inducers with
Rosiglitazone is not advisable. Since the hypoglycemic effect of the drug is
reduced. The results exhibit that combined administration of enzyme inducers
with Rosiglitazone was contraindicated.
Keywords : Rosiglitazone, Alloxan, Phenytoin, Rifampicin,
Phenobarbitone
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 297-310
Radioprotective Effect of Fruit Extract of Grewia asiatica in Swiss
Albino Mice Against Lethal-irradiation.
g Dose
of
Muktika Ahaskar, K.V. Sharma, Smita Singh and Rashmi Sisodia
Radiation Biology Laboratory
Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-302004
Abstract : The radioprotective efficacy of methanolic extract of
Grewia asiatica (Phalsa) fruit (GAE) against whole body gamma radiation was
studied in Swiss albino mice. After drug toxicity test, the oral
administration of 700 mg//kg body weight /day of GAE for 15 consecutive days
before exposure to 10 Gy of -radiation was found to afford maximum
protection as evidenced by the highest number of survivors after 30 days
post irradiation. At this dose level GAE was found to be effective against
different levels of radiation doses. LD50/30 value of 6.21 for irradiation
alone (control) and 9.53 for Grewia asiatica + irradiation group
(experimental) was obtained; a dose reduction factor (DRF) 1.53 was
calculated. The mice of experimental group exhibited significant modulation
of radiation- induced decreases of reduced glutathione (GSH) and radiation-
induced increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the whole brain and liver at
24 hours after radiation exposure.
Keywords : Radioprotection, Grewia asiatica, LD50/30, LPO, GSH, Gamma
radiation, Survival, Toxicity.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 311-316
Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Studies of Daphrin Hostipal
Discharge at Sagar, Madhaya Pradesh
K. Sahu*, A. Mehta, Sangeeta Singh and Shruti Shukla
Microbiology Laboratory,
Department of Botany,
Faculty of Life Sciences,
Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003
Abstract : Present investigations were carried out from Daphrin
hospital discharge. Temperature is one of the most important ecological
factor which play significant role on the earth. Present paper reports a
study on water quality. In the physico-chemical parameters such as pH ranged
from 7.0 to 9.0, temperature (°C) ranged from 18.0 to 27.1, alkalinity
(mgL-1) varied from 65 to 151.7; free carbon dioxide (mgL-1) ranged from 5.6
to 52.4; BOD (mgL-1) from 13.8 to 22.1; chloride value (mgL-1) ranged from
28.0 to 191.7; dissolved oxygen (mgL-1) varied form 1.3 to 6.5; nitrate
(mgL-1) varied from 0.1 to 12.1 and phosphate (mgL-1) values varied from 0.1
to 0.4. Most of the physico-chemical variables showed monthly variation.
High values of total alkalinity, chloride, biochemical oxygen demand and
chemical oxygen demand of effluents of Daphrin hospital discharge mixing in
the lake water indicates the high pollution status of the lake. High degree
of pollution can be correlated with the presence of high heterotrophic
bacterial density, thus indicating the tropic status and organic strength of
the water body.
Keywords : Sagar lake, Daphrin hospital, Physico-chemical parameters,
Bacteriological studies.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 317-323
Rotenoids from Parkinsonia aculeata L and their in vitro Amoebicidal
Activity
Raka Kamal and Naina Mathur
Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology,
Department of Botany,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract : Rotenoids the group of naturally occurring insecticidal
substances, ketonic in nature were analysed from various plant parts of
Parkinsonia aculeata L. Three rotenoids viz rotenone, elliptone and deguelin
were identified using TLC, GLC, mp, mmp, IR, and UV studies, which were
comparable to that of the their respective standard compounds. In different
part of the plant the rotenoid recovery has been observed as per the order:
root> stem>leaves> pods>seeds, being maximum in the root and minimum in
seed. The different doses (1000 μgmL-1 , 500 μgmL-1, 250 μgmL-1 , 125 μgmL-1 , 62 μgmL-1 , 31 μgmL-1) of isolated rotenoids from roots were subjected to
in vitro antiamoebic activity along with standard rotenone and derris resin
for different time intervals (24h 48h 72h). The dose level 500μg/ml L 1 was
found most active as compared to 250 μg/ml L 1 of standards. However, the
standard antiamoebic drug metroindazole was effective at 8 μg/ml dose.
Keywords : Rotenoids, Parkinsonia aculeata, Entamoeba hystolytica,
amoebicidal]
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 325-328
Effect of Lithium chloride on the Endocrine Pancreas of Domestic
Pigeon (Columba livia)
Subho Ghosh
Department of Zoology, Midnapore College,
Midnapore, Dist. Paschim Medinipur,
West Bengal, PIN : 721 101, India.
Abstract : Though there are numerous antis - psychotic drugs,
currently Lithium salts are therapeutically used for the treatment of many
depressive illnesses in psychiatry. Lithium acts through the hypothalamic
pathway, but it also produces side effects on the peripheral endocrine
glands. Our knowledge is still limited regarding the latter aspect, so
mechanism of lithium action through the extra - hypothalamic pathway is,
still in some way, unexplored and must be elucidated for a better insight.
The present investigation deals with the action of lithium chloride (LiCl)
on the endocrine pancreas, i.e. Islets of Langerhans regarding histological
and certain biochemical parameters. Our study revealed that, high dosage of
LiCl treatment initiates high mobilization of alpha cell granules,-
indicating a storage of the hormone glucagon. It also increased the blood
glucose and slightly depleted the liver glycogen of the pigeons. The
probable mechanism behind these results was briefly discussed.
Key words : Lithium chloride, Islets of Langerhans, Domestic pigeon
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 329-336
Quantification of Primary Metabolites of Balanites aegyptiaca L.
Rekha Vijayvergia and Priyanka Vijay*
Department of Botany,
University of Rajasthan
Jaipur-302004; India
Abstract : Pharmacological studies are contributing to the research
for new natural products with one or other biological activities because of
its multidisciplinary nature. In the present investigation attempt has been
made to investigate the primary metabolites of Balanites aegyptiaca L., B.
aegyptiaca L. is found to contain protein, lipids, starch, phenol,
carbohydrate in different parts of plants viz. root, stem and leaf. Soluble
sugar in leaves, protein, lipid and phenol in root starch in stem were noted
with high concentrations. The results are suggestive of primary bioactive
compounds of commercial importance and may result in great interest in
plants pharmaceuticals.
Keywords : Pharmacological, Multidisciplinary, Protein, Phenols,
Antibiotics, Pharmaceuticals.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 337-340
Distribution of Serological and Biochemical Markers in the Keer Tribe of
Madhya Pradesh
Deepak Bharti1, Ruchira Chaudhary1, S.M.S. Chahal2
and Gunjan Sharma1
1. Dept. of Zoology, Govt. M.V.M. Bhopal-462014 (M.P.), India
2. Dept. of Human Biology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
Abstract : The Present genetic study provides baseline data on the
Keer tribe inhabiting Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh. A total of 131
blood samples were collected and typed for variabilities of the A1 A2 BO and
Rh (D) blood groups and isozymes of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA),
Phosphoglucomutase locus1( PGM1), Esterase D ( ESD) and Acid Phophatase
locus 1(ACP1) as well as Haemoglobin (HB). The Chi square test for goodness
of fit revealed no significant deviation between the observed and expected
numbers in any of the seven genetic markers, suggesting that the tribe is in
genetic equilibrium. The present study among the Keer shows a high incidence
of the B allele and low of the A1 allele with absence of the A2 allele as
well as a low d (Rh negative allele) frequency in serological markers. In
biochemical traits, the frequency of the PGM1*2, was recorded rather low and
no variant of blood protein HB was found. Thus, the present study helped in
genetically characterizing the Keer tribe of Madhya Pradesh.
Keywords : Enzyme Polymorphism, Blood groups, Keer tribe, Madhya
Pradesh.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 341-352
Power Productivity Enhancement and Statistical Analysis Using Hybrid
System of Solar, Wind and Biomass
Prashant Baredar1*, V. K. Sethi2 & Mukesh Pandey2
1. Laxmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal, India
2. University Institute of Technology
R.G.P.V., Bhopal, India
Abstract : Hybrid system of Solar and Wind can work as a highly
efficient and Green Power technology for power generation. After adequate
demonstration world wide, is now poised to compete with the conventional
power generation technologies and is the 21st century technology to meet the
stringent environmental regulations more efficiently and economically than
other power generation technique.
For reliable supply of power in remote locations or inaccessible rural areas
it will be possible and sometimes necessary to design and setup Hybrid
system, which combines the advantages of two or more different technologies,
to take care of base load requirements. An integrated Hybrid System Solar,
Wind and Biomass would ensure that power supply could be maintained at an
optimum level during adverse condition like cloudy days (for PV system), low
wind conditions (for wind electric generators) and non-availability of
Biomass in rainy season.
Key words: Power Productivity, Hybrid System, Solar, Wind, Biomass
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 353-357
Interaction of Trichoderma harzianum with Fusarium solani During its
Pathogenesis and the Associated Resistance of the Host
M.R. Chakraborty and N.C. Chatterjee
Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory,
Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan,
Burdwan - 713104, West Bengal; India
Abstract : Changes in the activities of peroxidase and polyphenol
oxidase in healthy and infected plants of Solanum melongena Linn., caused by
Fusarium solani (Martius) Appel and Wollenweber were assayed under different
periods. The enzymes activities appeared to be increased with increase in
the period of infection and reached a maximum level at the end of an
incubation period, which is directly correlated with the resistance of the
plant against infection. It was noticed that the biocontrol agent,
Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) significantly interacts with the activities of
phenol oxidizing enzymes of the pathogen. The reduction in the activities of
phenol oxidizing enzymes after 21st day incubation was recorded when plants
treated with both pathogen and antagonist. Such interrelationship between
these two enzymes plays a key role to stimulate the defense mechanism of the
host plant against infection.
Keywords : Solanum melongena, Fusarium solani, Trichoderma harzianum,
Wilt, Peroxidase, Polyphenol oxidase, Resistance
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 359-364
Sodium Fluoride Toxicity on Reproductive Organs of Female Albino Rats
J.D. Sharma, Mamta Solanki and Deepmala Solanki
Reproductive Physiology and Environment Toxicology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302004, India
Abstract : Fluorosis is a dreaded disease caused due to high fluoride
(>1.5 ppm) in drinking water. In the present study normal cyclic female rats
(Rattus norvegicus), weighing between 150- 200 gm, were kept on sodium
fluoride (6ppm) water for 15 and 30 days. The results revealed that the
fluoride water exposure to female rats caused irregular estrus cycle,
reduced fertility rate, number of litters, weights of reproductive organs (
ovary, uterus, vagina) and adrenal gland, concentration of protein (ovary,
uterus, adrenal and liver), ascorbic acid (adrenal), enzyme activity of acid
phosphatase (ovary and uterus), serum enzyme activity of acid phosphatase,
where as alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT in serum, cholesterol (ovary,
uterus, adrenal), glycogen (ovary, uterus, liver) and ascorbic acid content
of ovary and uterus increased significantly as compared to control value.
However haematological parameters were found to be within normal range. The
data suggests that sodium fluoride water exposure for 15 and 30 days caused
adverse effect on reproductive organs, leading to reduced fertility and
number of litter in female albino rats.
Keywords : Sodium Fluoride, Ovary, Uterus, Fertility, and Fluoride
Toxicity
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 365-375
Simulating Biological Neural Network Structure in Computers with Help
of MATLAB for Handwriting Recognition Tasks
V.S. Dhaka and M.P. Singh*
Department of Computer Science
ICIS, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University,
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract : This report presented here describes the basic human
neural structure and its artificial competent. The human neurological
structure is analyzed in detail to get the techniques of its learning and
determination of results. The processing of this structure is tried to
simulate using a feed-forward artificial neural network in which the error
term is propagated to back -layer for corrections. This artificial neural
network is designed and trained for recognition of 500 handwritten letters.
The co-relation between the artificial neural network and biological natural
neural network is also investigated and explained.
Keywords : Biological and Artificial Neural Network, Character
Recognition, Feed forward Neural Network, Segmentation, Back propagation.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 377-383
Electrochemical Reduction of m-nitrotoluene at Glassy Carbon and
Stainless Steel Electrode at Different pH
Meenu Vijay, Bhagwan Sahay, Manu Gupta, I. K. Sharma and P. S. Verma*
Department of Chemistry,
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur, Rajasthan (India)
Abstract : The voltammograms of m-nitrotoluene (aqueous-methanol
solution) in BR buffer at different pH 4.0, 7.0, 9.0 exhibits the one
reduction peak; effect of scan rate on cathodic peak potential indicates
that these reactions are irreversible. Constant current electrolysis in
acidic and basic media of m-nitrotoluene gives m-toluidine and 3,3’ dimethyl
azo benzene respectively as a major products which were confirmed by TLC,
NMR, IR spectrum analyses.
Keywords : Electrochemical Reduction, m-nitro toluene SS cathode,
Cyclic Voltammetry and Constant Current Electrolysis.
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Effect of Captan and Carbendazim Fungicides on Nodulation and Biological
Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean
Charanjit Kaur1, P. Maini2 and N.P. Shukla3
1 Science Faculty, Sri Satya Sai College for Women, Bhopal, India
2 Institute of Excellence in Higher Education, Kolar Road, Bhopal, India
3 Madhya Pradesh Council of Science and Technology, Bhopal, India
Abstract : Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) seed treatments are
recognized as useful in reducing losses from seed borne pathogens and
seedling damping off agents. The seed treatment with fungicide is essential
in the improved technology for increasing crop production. In the present
investigation two seed protectant fungicides captan and carbendazim are
used. Effect of fungicides on growth of Rhizobium japonicum has been
studied. Soybean seeds of two varieties PK-472 and JS-72-44 were treated
with the said fungicides. Observations are taken after 45 days. Results
reveal that carbendazim is toxic to the nodule bacterium. Therefore, seed
treatment with captan should be followed as a routine.
Keywords : Captan, Carbendazim Fungicides, Nodulation, Biological
Nitrogen, Soybean
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 385-388
Voltammetric Behaviour of
o-nitro aniline in Aqueous Methanol Medium at
Various Electrodes
Meenu Vijay, Geeta Wadhvani, Hemlata Agarwal, I.K.Sharma and P.S.Verma*
Department of Chemistry,
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur - 302004
Abstract : The voltammograms of
o-nitroaniline
(aqueous-methanol solution) in BR buffer at different pH e.g. 4.0, 7.0 and
9.0 exhibits the one reduction peak corresponding to 4e- change in acidic
(pH=4.0) and 5 e- change in neutral (pH 7.0) and basic (pH 9.0) media.
Constant current electrolysis in acidic and basic media of
o-nitroaniline
gives
o-phenylenediamine
and 2,2' diaminoazo benzene respectively which were confirmed by TLC, NMR
and IR spectrum.
Keywords : Electrochemical Reduction o-nitroaniline SS cathode,
Cyclic Voltammetry and Constant Current Electrolysis.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 389-393
Unsteady Two-Dimensional Free-convective Flow of a Viscous
Incompressible Fluid Through a Rotating porous Medium Bounded by a
Vertical Surface
Navin Kumar
Department of Mathematics, University of Rajasthan
Jaipur- 302 004, Rajasthan (India)
Abstract : Unsteady two-dimensional free-convective flow of a viscous
incompressible fluid through a rotating porous medium bounded by a vertical
surface is investigated. The porous medium is rotating with uniform angular
velocity. The velocity and temperature distributions are derived by using
complex function and their profiles for various values of physical
parameters are shown through graphs. The coefficient of skin-friction and
the rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number at the vertical surface
are derived, discussed and their numerical values for various values of
physical parameters are presented through table.
Keywords : Unsteady flow, free-convective flow, complex function,
skin-friction, Nusselt number
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 395-406
Use of Y - Chromosome in Sexual Assault by Y-Plex tm6 Amplification Kit
and 310 Genetic Analyzer
Sarabjeet Singh*, Ruchira Chaudhary
Department of Zoology,
Govt. M.V.M., Bhopal-462042, M.P., India
Abstract : Currently, post vasectomized azoospermic semen sample were
analyzed for short tandem repeat (STR) on the Y- Chromosome by using 310
Genetic Analyzer. It has been observed a wide variation was attributed to
the number of epithelial or white blood cells that are present in these
azoospermic sample. DNA Profile of the vasectomized males was obtained for
all six Y- STR Loci and by amplification kit. The method developed in this
study demonstrate that Y- STR is a sensitive method for the identification
of the presence of male epithelial cell in the post coital vagina
Keywords : Forensic science, Y- Chromosome, Short Tandem repeat, Y-STR,
Y-Plextm6
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 407-409
Cardiologist's Hand Dose Measurements in Interventional Radiology
S. Mehdizadeh1, M. A. Owrangi2, Sh. Derakhshan3
1. Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2. Department of Nuclear Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3. Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract : An evaluation was performed to determine the distribution
of the radiation dose received by vascular/interventional radiologists,
henceforth called cardiologists, to their hands and arms during
interventional radiology procedure. Measurements of the radiation dose to
the hand were conducted using thermoluminescent dosimeters for individual
interventional radiology cases to determine the distribution of dose to the
hands and forearms. Measurements were made on a finger, the palm, wrist and
the elbow of both hands and arms. Results suggested that a non-uniformity of
dose with the maximum dose being measured on the hypothenar and elbow of
both hands. The left hand receives a higher dose than the right hand due to
positioning of the radiologist with respect to the patient. Due to variable
hand positions during clinical examinations, fluoroscopy time was not found
to be a good indicator of hand dose.
Keywords : Hand dose, Exposure, Radiation, X-rays,
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 411-414
Comparison of Different Invasive Type of Refractive Anomalies Operation
Saeed Shanehsazzadeh1, Ali Salehi2 and Alireza
Mehri3
1. Student of Medical Physics, Department of Biomedical Physics and
Engineering,
Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
2. Associated professor of University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Physics and Engineering,
Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract : The methods of ammetropia of the human eye correction are
divided in to invasive and non invasive methods. Each method has its own
merits and drawbacks. Each method has it limitations due to type of
compensation; therefore it is difficult to make a straight forward decision.
In this study is tried to compare the results of methods to find out their
predictability, UCVA, safety and stability. In this work the result data of
24012 patient of different type of operation were investigated. In this work
the data are gathered from different papers from 1980 till now. The data are
classified on the base of the type of operation and the degree of ammetropia
which includes myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia. Gathered data are
analyzed with Chi-square measure. This study shows that for the patients
with hypermetropia less than 3.5 diopter the Conductive Keratoplasty (CK)
and Laser Thermal Keratoplasty (LTK) have best correction results
respectively. Then the results of Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) and
Laser SubEpithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK) give same results after CK and
LTK. For all range of myopia the LASEK gave the best result. The Laser in
Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) gave proper performance in moderate and higher
myopia refractive anomalies. But the PRK had given better performance in low
myopia refractive anomalies.
Keywords : LASIK, LASEK, PRK, LTK, CK, DTK, RK
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 415-428
Water Quality Improvement through Macrophytes: A Case Study
Sangeeta Dhote* and Savita Dixit
Department. of Applied Chemistry,
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (M.P), India
Abstract : Macrophytes play important roles in balancing lake
ecosystem. They have capacity to improve the water quality by absorbing
nutrients with their effective root system. The objective of the study is to
evaluate the usefulness of different macrophytic species (Biofilters) in
reducing the nutrient content of the water i.e. to reduce the pollution
level of water. The paper is the outcome of ex-situ experiments conducted on
samples collected from Shahpura Lake, Bhopal. Two macrophyteic Species
Eicchornia crassipes and Hydrilla verticillata. Results indicates that both
the macrophytes are capable in improving water quality by reducing nutrient
concentration. Purification of water through macrophytes is a good example
of purification of water with natural means.
Keywords : Macrophytes, Lake Ecosystem, Eicchornia crassipes,
Hydrilla verticella
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 429-432
Eco-Friendly Procedure for the Reduction of
o -Hydroxy Acetophenone
Mohan Lal Meena, Geeta Wadhvani, Vijay Chhimpa, Nidhi Jain and I.K.
Sharma*
Department of Chemistry,
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302004
Abstract : The microbial catalyst reduction of o-amino acetophenone
was carried out with free Beaker's yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) as well
as immobilized Beaker's yeast in alcoholic medium. The reduction product was
isolated and purified by basis of its spectral analysis.
Keywords : Baker's yeast (BY) Immobilized Baker's yeast (ImBY)
microbial catalysied reduction, carbonyl compounds.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 433-436
Intra and Interspecies Variations among Environmental Klebsiella
Isolates
Anjana Sharma*, Susheel Kumar Singh and Sunita Patra
Bacteriology Laboratory,
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biological Science,
R.D. University, Jabalpur (M.P.) 482001, India
Abstract :
Majority of the study of Klebsiella is restricted to clinical isolates and
its occurrence in fresh water environment is sporadically reported.
Biochemical and molecular diversity of 40 Klebsiella isolates, isolated from
180 water samples of river Narmada from eleven stations (Amarkantak to Dahej)
during 2005-2006 was assessed by employing Biotyping, SDS-PAGE profiling,
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and Amplified Ribosomal
DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). The Antibiogram analysis suggested that
most of the isolates were resistant against Ampicillin, Amoxycillin,
Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprim and all isolates were found
to be sensitive against Norflaxcin, Cefotaxime and Gentamycin. RAPD and
ARDRA prevailed over Biotyping and Protein profiling for identification, and
Intra and interspecies variations among environmental isolates of Klebsiella
spp.
Keywords : Klebsiella, Fresh water, Antibiogram, SDS-PAGE, Molecular
typing.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 2, 2007; 437-443
Soil Quality of Irrigated Agricultural Fields in Textile Industrial Area
of Panipat City
D.S. Malik and Pawan K. Bharti*
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science,
Gurukula Kangri, University,
Hardwar - 249404
Abstract : Basically, life on earth depends on soil, air and aquatic
eco- system directly. Without fertile soil and the microbial fauna that
inhabit it, food would not grow, dead things would not decay and nutrients
would not be recycled. The proper proportion of all biotic and abiotic
components is required for the balance of any ecosystem, while imbalanced
constituents may alter the quality of soil ecosystem. Yet the earth's soils
are being stripped away, rendered sterile and contaminated with toxic
chemicals at a rate that can not be sustained. Due to the increasing
industrialization water, air and soil quality may change in many industrial
areas like Panipat textile industrial area. Surface water, ground water,
sediments and ultimately agricultural soils are polluted by their industrial
waste directly or indirectly.
The present work is aimed towards developing base line data for soil quality
of agricultural soil irrigated by ground water contaminated by textile
industrial effluent and to understand the weathering and geo-chemical
processes active in soil environment. Hence the investigation has been
undertaken to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination of soil due to
irrigation with contaminated ground water affected by textile industrial
effluents, on agricultural land. Samples of soil have been analyzed for
heavy metals, viz. Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn, using atomic absorption
spectrophotometry. Metal transfer factors from ground water to irrigated
agricultural soil found significant for Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. Some physico-chemical
characteristics of agricultural soil were found altered in comparison to
control site.
Keywords : Textile industry, soil quality, agriculture soil, heavy
metals accumulation
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