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CONTENTS YEAR 2007 Click on the liked title to view the paper
The Role of Constructed Ecosystems in An Era of Rapid Climate Change John Cairns, Jr. Department of Biological Sciences, Key words : Constructed ecosystems, Climate change, Naturalistic biotic communities, Colonizing species, Low maintenance.
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Is Homo sapiens Just Another Transient Species ?
Department of Biological
Sciences, Abstract : During the five great biotic extinctions, huge numbers of species were lost. Over evolutionary time, biodiversity was restored and sometimes exceeded previous levels. This environment might well be described as a pulsing system that was affected by catastrophic natural events (e.g., the impact of a large object from outer space with Earth). The sixth great extinction, now underway, differs from the first five because the major influence is human activities. Will the resulting ecological changes also have adverse effects upon human society? Global warming and other types of climate change, the coming decline in the availability of petroleum, acidification of the oceans, continued growth of the human population in both numbers and expectations, and ecological overshoot will surely have deleterious effects. Unanswered questions remain: (1) will humans replace their unsustainable lifestyle with sustainable use of the planet? and (2) if so, will social evolution be sufficiently rapid to be effective? As a species, humans are embedded in a huge, complex, multivariate system that will probably endure even if the human species becomes extinct.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 33-42
1. Department of
Anatomy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran 3. Department of Medical Physics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran 4. Department of Biophysics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Abstract : Frequency of the urinary malformations(UM) in sample region of the country mirrors the important of regional causative problem. Khorasan is the largest province and has extended from north to south east of Iran. So the results of this research can be important. Silent and meanwhile progressive side effect of pollutions on human-being health is in great important. Hence here we report one of the congenital disorders which arises from risky enviromental conditions as UM.This research aims at studying the incidence of UM in the center of the largest province in Iran, i.e., Mashhad. The study was done in two large hospitals naming “Imam Reza” and “Ghaem” in this city. Using retrospective foreground method in the first part of this statistical study, the researcher studied 774 cases of autopsies in pathological department of Ghaem Hospital from 1968 to 1992. Again using the same method, the researcher studied 4904 cases at urology department in Imam Reza hospital from 1985 to 1992. From 774 cases of autopsies, 33 cases were UM, and this made 4.26% of all the cases. Also, from these 33 cases, 69.2% were real polycystic of whom 88% were both sided and 12% were one sided polycystic. From 4904 cases at urology department, 205 were UM; of which hypospadias was the main cause in nearly 76.9% of the cases and penile kind with subgroup of posterior penile was the cause of incidence of UM in 51.2%. At last, the statistical result obtained from this study was compared with the international ones. The difference was significant. This difference can be interpreted to be resulted from factors such as area conditions and others which will be discussed in the following sections in details.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 43-53
Evaluating Biomass Temperature vs Biodegradation for Environmental Impact Minimization: Mid Auchencarroch Experimental Landfill
Telemachus C.
Koliopoulos1,
Georgia Koliopoulou2
University of
Strathclyde, Greece. 2. Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
Abstract : This paper evaluates the effects of landfill management techniques on landfill temperature regime and biomass biodegradation processes. The biodegradation of Mid Auchencarroch experimental project is studied in four cells with different waste composition and landfill conditions. A numerical model is presented evaluating the parameters which control biomass temperature and accelerate the waste biodegradation, protecting public health from associated hazards. The variations of temperature versus landfill emissions at Mid Auchencarroch site are discussed and analyzed which provide useful conclusions in order to minimize associated environmental impacts.
Key words : Biomass temperature; landfill biotechnology; landfill design; landfill emissions; waste biodegradation; solid waste management; sustainable development; public health.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 55-62
Preeti
Bhatnagar, Abdul Arif
Khan, Manisha Jain and
Sudhir K. Jain*
Abstract : A study was conducted to determine bacterial contaminants/pathogens in Khoa samples sold in Gwalior and Morena city in Madhya Pradesh. Total Fifty samples of Khoa brought at random were cultured on several media. Bacterial colony counts were also made. Predominant organisms isolated were Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. The viable counts obtained ranged from 1.3 × 104 to 2.1 × 106 CFU/g. Contamination of Khoa by pathogenic bacteria could be an important factor of gastrointestinal illness in the consumers. Adequate consumer protection can be achieved by measuring the microbiological data of product.
Key words : Khoa, Bacteriological study, Immunocompromised, Staphylococci
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 63-67
Evaluation of the Suspending Properties of Cassia tora Mucilage on Sulphadimidine Suspension
A.S. Mann*, N.K. Jain and M.D. Kharya Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar - 470003 (M.P) INDIA
Abstract : Some excipients are currently available for the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions. The purpose of this study is to search for a cheap and effective natural excipient that can be used as an effective alternative for the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions. The suspending properties of Cassia tora (family Leguminosae) were evaluated comparatively with those of compound tragacanth, Acacia and gelatin at concentration range of 0.5 – 4.0% w/v in sulphadimidine suspension. Characterization tests were carried out on purified Cassia tora mucilage. Sedimentation volume (%), rheology and particle size analysis were employed as evaluation parameters. The values obtained were used as basis for comparison of the suspending agents studied. Cassia mucilage is safe for use as a suspending agent in human and pet foods based on the levels of use, which are comparable to the use levels of other suspending agents. Cassia tora mucilage (2.5%w/v) produced a comparable suspending ability as 4%w/v compound tragacanth. Also, the suspending ability of all the materials was found to be in the order: Cassia tora > Compound tragacanth gum > Acacia gum > Gelatin. At all concentrations employed, Cassia tora mucilage had the strongest suspending ability relative to the other materials. The results suggest that, due to the high viscosity of Cassia tora mucilage, its mucilage can be a stabilizer of choice when high viscosity is desired. It can also serve as a good thickening agent in both pharmaceutical and food industries.
Key words: Cassia tora, suspending agents, rheology, Acacia gum, Gelatin.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 69-78
Pooja Chandra and
Neelima Gupta*
Abstract: The helminthofauna of 350 amphibian hosts (250 Bufo melanostictus and 100 Rana tigrina) was investigated and the influence of ecological factors (host habitat and season) on parasitic incidence was observed in them. The highest frequency and concentration index of nematode parasites (Oxysomatium and Oswaldocruzia) occurred at Site A (Bareilly) while in case of the cestode parasite (Proteocephalus) the highest frequency index occurred at Site E (Aligarh) although the highest concentration index was again at Site A (Bareilly). All the parasites were most abundant during the rainy season followed by summer, spring and winter.
Key words: Bufo melanostictus, Rana tigrina, Habitat, Season, Frequency index, Concentration index.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 79-86
Thiotepa Induced Histopathological Changes in the Meroistic Ovary of Castor Silk Moth, Philosamia ricini (L).
Animesh
K. Mohapatra
Abstract : Sub-lethal doses (20 mg and 40 mg) of thiotepa were administered by injecting in to haemocoel with the help of a micro liter syringe to freshly moulted fifth instar larvae. The effect of thiotepa on ovarian development and ovipositional attributes of Philosamia ricini was studied using standard morphological and histological techniques. Administration of thiotepa induced pathological damage of ovary. These damages comprised reduction in size of ovariole, disintegration of germarium and partial to complete elimination of prefollicular tissues. One of the most striking effects of thiotepa was condensation of chromatin, disruption of nuclear envelope, marked reduction in rate of vitellogenesis as evidenced by extensive vacuolization of oocyte cytoplasm. It also resulted in decreased egg production, reduced egg hatching, abnormal egg size and shape, an increased percentage of unhatched embryonated and sterile eggs.
Key words : Thiotepa, Histopathological Changes, Ovary, Castor Silk Moth, Philosamia ricini.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 87-92
Kinetics of the Oxidation of p-Nitrotoluene and Aceto p-Toluidide by Quinquevalent Vanadium Ion
Suman Malik 1, Bharti Jain 2 and Suparna Ghosh*1
1. Department of
Chemistry, Sadhu
Vaswani College,
Abstract : Kinetic investigation of oxidation the of p-nitrotoluene and aceto p-toluidide by Vanadium (V) in 40% acetic acid- water (V/V) solution in the presence of 1.5 M H2SO4 have been studied in the temperature range of 40°C .Corresponding aldehydes are found to be the oxidation product. The reaction is first order with respect to both vanadium (V) and the substrate. It is observed that rate constant increases with increase in the molarity of sulphuric acid. The linear increase of rate Constant with increase in [H+] concentration at constant ionic strengths confirms the positive salt effect on reaction rate. The rate increases with acetic acid concentration in the binary mixtures. The magnitude of Arhenius parameter indicates the bimolecular nature of the oxidation reaction. The stoichiometric studies confirm that one mole of substrate requires four mole of the oxidant for complete oxidation.
Key words : p-nitrotoluene, Aceto p-toluidide, Vanadium, Salt effect.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 93-103
Radiation Effect on MHD Three Dimensional Flow Between Two Horizontal Parallel Porous Plates
R. C. Chaudhary*, Umesh Gupta and Abhay Kumar Jha
Department of
Mathematics,
Abstract : The effect of radiation on three dimensional flow of the electrically conducting viscous incompressible fluid between two horizontal parallel porous flat plates moving in the same and in the opposite direction has been analyzed. When the injection of the fluid at the lower plate and its corresponding removal by constant suction through the upper plate is transverse sinusoidal one, the flow becomes three-dimensional. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied normal to the plane of the plates. To obtain the expression for the velocity and temperature fields, the method of solution for a small perturbation approximation is used. The effect of injection/suction velocity on the flow field, skin friction and the effect of radiation on heat transfer is reported and discussed with the help of graphs.
Key words : Couette flow, Heat transfer, Skin-friction, Electrically conducting fluid, Radiation.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 105-108
Patient Dose Measurements in Interventional Radiology
S. Mehdizadeh 1, M. A. Owrangi* 2 and Sh. Derakhshan 3
1. Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2. Department of Nuclear Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 3. Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract : The use of X-ray in cardiac interventional radiology has the potential to induce deterministic radiation effects on the patient’s body and organs. An investigation was performed to determine the distribution of radiation dose received by the patients during the interventional radiology procedure. Measurements of the radiation dose to the patients were conducted using thermoluminescent dosimeters for individual interventional radiology cases. Measurements were made on thyroid, gonads and both anterior and posterior aspect of the heart. Results suggested a non-uniformity of dose with the maximum dose being measured on the posterior aspect of the heart which shows the Entrance Skin Dose (ESD). Results from these examinations using identical equipments show that the minimum dose is absorbed by the gonads which indicate that the absorbed dose varied inversely with the distances form the entrance dose area.
Key words : Patient dose, Exposure, Radiation, X-ray
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 109-114
UV–b, Stress and Triademefon Induced Effect on Nitrogen Metabolism and Anti-oxidative Enzymes of Lablab purpureus Seedlings
Jitendra Kumar Chouhan, Pancha Ram, Pooja Rathi and S.P. Bohra*
Stress Physiology Laboratory,
Abstract : The role of antioxidative enzymes in protection against UV–b (280-320 nm) stress was studied in L. purpureus seedlings at 5 days after germination. Treatment of triademefon alone and in combination with UV–b was given in L. purpureus seedlings grown in vitro for soluble protein, proline contents and alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), nitrate reductase (NR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activities. Treatment of triademefon – a triazole plant growth regulator had negative impact on protein, proline contents and enzymatic activities of ALT and NR. However, activity of AST was found to be increased with triademefon under UV–b stress. The increased activities of SOD and POX participated in enhanced tolerance to oxidative damage under UV–b stress. Thus, triademefon can alleviate the effect of UV–b stress in L. purpureus seedlings by enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes like SOD and POX.
Key words : Alanine amino transferase, Aspartate amino transferase, Nitrate reductase, Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 115-122
Hypolipidemic and Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Leptadenia pyrotechnica Extract in Cholesterol Fed Rabbits
G. C. Jain *, S.
Jhalani, S. Agarwal
and K. Jain
University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur-302004 (India) Abstract : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic efficacy of methanolic extract of the aerial part of L. pyrotechnica in cholesterol fed rabbits. Male rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: Groups I normal control; Group II cholesterol (500 mg / kg b. wt. / day) with coconut oil (5 ml/rabbit / day) and Group III , cholesterol + L. pyrotechnica extract (250 mg / kg b. wt./ day) orally. The whole study lasted for 60 days. Administration of cholesterol caused a significant rise (p<0.001) in the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol, : HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol : HDL-cholesterol ratios. Simultaneous administration of L. pyrotechnica extract significantly (p<0.001) prevented the rise in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic index Hepatic and aortic total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipid peroxidation (TBARs) were also lowered significantly in the extract treated rabbits. The Plant extracts also significantly prevented the atheromatic changes and plaque formation in the aorta and favoured increased fecal cholesterol output. Thus, the results indicate hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of methanolic extract of L. pyrotechnica.
Key words : Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Hypolipidemic, Antiatherosclerotic, Rabbits.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 123-128
Quantification of Primary Metabolites of Nerium indicum Mill
Rekha
Vijayvergia* and Jai Kumar
Abstract : Medicinal plants are the most exclusive source of life saving drugs for the majority of the world’s population. Laboratory evaluations were made to asses the study of primary metabolites of Nerium indicum Mill. It contains soluble sugar and starch in leaves, protein in leaves and flower, lipids in flower and phenol in stem and root showed higher concentration as compared to other parts of the plant.
Keywords : Medicinal plants, Primary metabolites, Nerium indicums Mill, Carbohydrates; Starch, Phenols, Proteins.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 129-132
Studies Showing the Relationship between ABO Blood Groups and Major Types of Cancers
Gunjan Sharma,
Ruchira Choudhary
and Deepak Bharti
Bhopal, M.P., India Abstract : After the discovery of an association between stomach cancer and blood type A by Arid and Bentall in 1953, there have been several studies on possible relationship of blood types to certain diseases. Since it is estimated that cancer generally affect people of developing countries hence this study encompasses, the distribution of ABO blood groups in two major cancers viz, oral and lungs in males, and cervix and breast in females occurring in men and women of Bhopal city and comparison of pattern of cancer incidence with previous available data. Present study is an attempt of blood samples of cancer patients vis-a-vis their blood grouping. In breast cancer no clear relationship was found and in other cancers highest frequency occurned in blood group B. Moreover a change has been noticedin the pattern of cancer incidences from the data of past few years.
Keywords : Blood groups, Cancers, Cervix.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 133-144
Reduction of the Gamma Dose Equivalent due to 252Cf and 241Am-Be Neutron Sources in the Patients Soft Tissues When Using Body Chemical Composition Analyzer Bed
H. Miri Hakimabad, R. Izadi, A.R. Vejdani* and H. Panjeh Physics Department, School of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract : The 252Cf radioisotope and 241Am-Be are routinely compact and portable encapsulated neutron sources that have wide range of applications in laboratories, industries and medicine because of their high flux and reliable neutron spectrum. They are cost-effective neutron sources for Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA). PGNAA method can be used in medicine for neutron radiography and body chemical composition analysis. Unfortunately 252Cf and 241Am-Be sources generate not only neutrons but also emit high-energy and undesirable gamma-rays that are useless when using PGNAA method. Also, since the sample in medical treatments is a human body, it will be under the harmful bombardments of undesirable gamma-rays. In addition, the existence of high-rate gamma rays eventuate simultaneous pulses in the detector that can be piled up and causes a significant background and distorts spectra in the region of interest (ROI). All of these restrictions forced us to attenuate these gamma-rays in a practical way without being concerned about losing the neutron flux or significant alteration in the neutron spectrum. In order to solve these problems, a relatively safe Body Chemical Composition Analyzer was designed that uses an optimal spherical gamma-ray shield, enclosing neutron source. Gamma-ray shielding effects and optimum radius of spherical Pb shield have been investigated and compared with the unfiltered case, bare source, using MCNP4C code. At the end the gamma ray dose equivalent per source neutron rate (user defined parameter) in the soft tissue for several radius of spherical Pb shield, for both neutron sources are calculated. Results show how using an appropriate gamma-ray filter can reduce the risk of exposure to the 252Cf and 241Am-Be neutron sources when using them in a Body Chemical Composition Analyzer.
Keywords: PGNAA. Chemical Composition, Filter material, 241Am-Be, 252Cf, MCNP, Absorbed dose, Dose equivalent.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 145-150
Antifertility Efficacy of Piper betle Linn. (Petiole) on Female Albino Rats
J.D. Sharma*,
Lalita Sharma and
Poonam Yadav
Abstract : Normal cyclic female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) of Wistar strain weighing between 150-200 gm were treated with Piper betle (Petiole) ethanolic (50%) extract (100 mg/day/rat) for 30 days. The results revealed that P. betle treatment caused reduction in reproductive organ weights, circulating level of estrogen, fertility, number of litters, serum glucose concentration, enzyme activity of acid phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT as compared to control value. Whereas, the concentration of cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased following P. betle treatment, revealing non-utilization of cholesterol by the system and mobilization of ascorbic acid during phytodrug treatment to over come from induced stress condition. The estrus cycle was irregular and prolonged in treated group of rats indicative of anestrus condition, which resulted in infertility. However the haematological parameters remained within normal range. Withdrawal of phytodrug for 30 days restored complete/partially decreased reproductive organ weights, circulating level of estrogen, fertility, number of litters, concentration of glucose and enzyme activity of acid phosphatase SGOT and SGPT to control values. The cholesterol and vitamin –C concentration was also restored to control level. The data suggests that the P. betle ethanolic extract exerted antifertility and antiestrogenic effects in female rats. The effects brought by P. betle extract is non-toxic and transient.
Key words : Antifertility, Piper betle, Rattus norvegicus, SGOT and SGPT
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 151-154
Effect of Penfluron on Total Haemocyte Count of Dysdercus koenigii
Bharti Prakash 1*, Sudhir Bhargava 2 and Kamlesh Rawat2
1. Toxicology Laboratory,
Department of Zoology Government College,
2. Department of Zoology D.A.V., College, Ajmer. (Raj.) India.
Abstract : Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of Penfluron on Total Haemocyte Count of Dysdercus koenigii. Penfluron is known to have chitin inhibiting activity. T.H.C in the treated insects increases up to 48 hours and then declines up to 96 hours. Penfluron seems to cause a great reduction in haemocytes in both sexes at 72 hours and 96 hours after treatment.
Key words : Dysdercus koenigii, Penfluron, Chitin Inhibitor, Haemolymph, Total Haemocyte Count.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 155-160
Biology of Shoot and Fruit-borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen., of Brinjal, Solmanum melongena Linn. at Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
Y.C. Gupta and R.P.S.
Kauntey Abstract : The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of Leucinodes orbonalis were found 8.60 hours, 2.46 and 2.22 days, respectively. The larvae passed through five instars. The incubation, larval and pupal periods were 8.60, 12.80 and 9.68 days, respectively. The pupation took place on the glass jars, soil, muslin cloth, sometimes inside the fruits and on the leaves of the plants. The longevity of male moth was 1.84 days while female lived for 3.14 days. The mean time taken from egg to adult stage was 28.82 days.
Key words : Biology, Brinjal, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 161-165
Description of A New Species of Melanotelus Reuter., 1885 from India (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae)
Y.C. Gupta and
Deen Dayal Abstract : The genus Melanotelus Reuter., 1885 is represented in India by two species viz., M. bipunctata (Dallas) 1852 originally described from Indonesia but subsequently reported from India, Pakistan, China, Burma, Ceylon, Philippines and Australia and M. sordidus Distant. 1918 from Nandidrug, South India. A new species of the genus, M. indica sp.nov. is described from Uttar Pradesh, India. This species is apparently closely related to M.bipunctata (Dallas) but show consistant differences in the structure and shape of claspers particularly in the shank, median projection and lateral lobes of the pygophore, pallothecal processes, spermatheca and can easily be distinguished by its smaller size, presence of two small anterior block spots on the pronotum and a large typical triangular spot, near each posterior lateral pronotal angle. The species name is derived from the name of country India.
Key word : Reuter., Hemiptera : Lygaeidae, Melanotelus Reuter., M. indica, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 167-170
Short Communication Description of New Species of Sastrapada Amy. and Serv., 1843 from India (Hemiptera : Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Stenopodinae)
Y.C. Gupta and
Ratnesh Kauntey
Abstract : The genus Sastrapada Amy. and Serv. is hitherto described by a single species, S. elongata by Livingstone and Ravichdran, 1987 from India. A new species of the genus, S. ambrosi sp.nov. is described from Madhya Pradesh, India.
Key word : Sastrapada, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Stenopodinae.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 171-176
Project Report Barna Water Resource Project of Madhya Pradesh, India : An Environmental Impact AssessmentRajnish Shrivastava1 Narendra Dave*2
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopah, India
2. Madhya Pradesh Water Resources Department (MPWRD), Bhopal, India
Abstract : This paper presents the case study of Major Water Resource Project constructed on Barna River a major tributary of river Narmada (M.P., India). The Barna Water Resource Project comprised construction of 47.7 m. high and 432 m. long earthen / masonry Dam, 115 m long spillway and a construction of 318 km of earthen channel to irrigate (37000 + 24000) (Rabi + Kharif) 61000 Ha of land, in most of the villages of Raisen district of M.P., India. The Project is in operation since 1975. The paper critically reviews the environmental and economical development due to this irrigation project. The physical benefits anticipated in the project report are compared with the actual accruing benefits. The after effect of this project analyzed with respect to ground water level, drinking water, rainfall, health factor, soil quality, awareness on sustenance of life, increase of dairy culture etc. Thus, this paper critically analyses an environmental and economical development of the area due to construction of this irrigation project. This case study emphasizes that Water Resources Development should have friendly view with the environment. Lastly we can say that Water resources Development creation is very difficult and to put life into it, requires dedication. The construction of the Barna Project helped in the upliftment of the village people with eco-technological development. The construction of this project ensures the sustainable integrated development by optimal utilization of resources and transfer of technology related to agriculture and irrigation so as to provide self-employment, marketing, training and infrastructure for sustainable development.Keywords : Command, Submergence, Water-logging, Irrigation.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 21, No. 1, 2007, 177-178
Short Communication
Some Aspects of Ecology from Vedas : A Commentary
M. M. Trigunayat Deptt. of ZoologyGovt M.S.J. College Bharatpur 321001 (Raj.)
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