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CONTENTS YEAR 2005 Click on the linked title to view the paper
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005,
1-12
John Cairns, Jr.
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- - - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 13-22 Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Pollution Control in Diesel Engine
MS. P. Chincholkar, Saurabh Srivastava, A.
Rehman, Savita Dixit and Atul Lanjewar
Abstract : Diesel vehicles are the major
source for air pollution; there is great potential for global warming due to
discharge of greenhouse gases like CO2 from vehicles. Many lung problems are
connected with particulate matter emitted by diesel vehicle including dust,
soot and smoke. People are exposed to pollution even as they talk or when
stir up the dust when they walk. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and
renewable fuel. Compared to diesel fuel, biodiesel produces no sulfur, no
net carbon dioxide, less carbon monoxide and more oxygen. More free oxygen
leads to the complete combustion and reduced emission. Overall biodiesel
emissions are very less compared to diesel fuel emissions which is promising
pollution free environment.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005,
23-37
Suresh C. Joshi
*, Rekha
Goyal and Sunita Jain
Abstract : The pesticide are one of the
most potentially harmful chemicals liberated in the environment in an
unplanned manner. Methoxychlor is widely used as a pesticide in many
countries and has been shown to produce some adverse health effects. The
present study was aimed to find the toxic effect of methoxychlor on
reproductive system of male rats at the dose levels of 20, 25 and 30 mg /kg
b.wt./day for 30 days. A significant reduction in the weight of testes and
sex accessory organs was observed at all dose levels. The sperm motility in
cauda epididymides and sperm density in cauda epididymides and testes were
significantly decreased. The level of testosterone decreases in a dose
depending manner. Biochemical results showed that acid phosphatase, alanine,
aspartate amino transferases activity increased significantly, whereas
alkaline phosphatase activity decreased. A significant reduction in sialic
acid content of testes and sex accessory organs and testicular glycogen has
been observed. Whereas, total protein content in testes and sex accessory
organs and testicular cholesterol increased significantly. Results of
present study clearly indicates the possibility of methoxychlor induced
toxicity in male reproductive system of rats.
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Surender S. Katoch and Chandrika Sharma
Abstract: The study examined the
effects of a maximum of 120 days treatment of male chicks (Gallus domesticus)
with beta adrenoceptor agonist, isoproterenol hydrochloride in gastrocnemius
muscle during early postnatal development. Four groups of chicks were
maintained: Normal innervated control chicks (NI), Isoproterenol treated
normal innervated chicks (NI + Iso; 1.5 mg/Kg body weight), Denervated
chicks (Dn) and Isoproterenol treated denervated chicks (Dn + Iso).
Post-treatment live body weights of normal innervated and denervated chicks
were higher than control and denervated (-clenbuterol) chicks respectively.
Measurement of dry muscle mass and protein content revealed a drug induced
hypertrophy of normal innervated muscle and a reversal of atrophy in
denervated muscle. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of
gastrocnemius myofibrillar proteins indicated a drug induced alteration in
myosin and actin ratio. The data suggests that beta agonist exert its
protein anabolic influences by reorganizing or remodeling myofibrillar
proteins leading ultimately to a change in phenotypic expression of tissue.
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 53-58
Vitamin C against
Concomitant Exposure to Heavy Metal and Radiation : A Study on Variations in
Hepatic Cellular Counts
Abstract: The objective of this study
was to screen for prophylactic use of ascorbic acid against radiation and
heavy metal intoxication. For this purpose, male Swiss albino mice were
intoxicated with lead acetate (20 mg/kg b. wt.) intraperitoneally 1 hr.
before exposure to 4.80 Gy gamma radiation in the presence (experimental) or
absence (control) of vitamin C (400 mg/kg b. wt.). Mice were sacrificed at
various autopsy intervals (6 hrs. to 20 days) to examine quantitative
changes in liver. It was observed that vitamin C administration, prior to
combined treatment of lead acetate and radiation reduced the depletion in
normal hepatocytes and the elevation in binucleate as well as abnormal
hepatocytes in comparison to their respective controls, and moreover, it
initiated a faster recovery to reinstate the normal cellular number by
increasing glutathione level.
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- - - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 59-62 A Study of Betel Leaf Microflora
Vivek Mishra 1 and Archana Mishra
2
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- - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 63-68 Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Indian Genotypes of Wheat
Anju Rao
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- - - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 69-76 Protective effect of Garlic on glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase Enzymes of mice, Mus musculus intoxicated with Sevin
Mahira Parveen, Vinoy Kumar Shrivastava, Abstract : In the present study, inhibition of liver enzymes of mice due to chronic exposure of sevin and their recovery by garlic treatment have been investigated. The sevin a highly potent pesticide causes serious hazardous effects on target enzymes phosphatases and oxaloacetates. Hepatotoxicity is the complex type of effect associated with sevin poisoning characterized by changes in metabolic and enzymatic activities. To understand the protective behavior of garlic pills in case of hepatotoxicity induced by a carbamate pesticide sevin, the work has been designed. Male mice, Mus musculus were divided into three groups. Group-1 included control animals. Group- 2 animals were treated with sevin for 15 days. Sevin dose of 2.5 mg /kg b.w. was injected intraperitoneally to animals every alternate days for the period of 15 days. Group -3 animals were treated with sevin for 15 days and cured with garlic for 15 days . Sevin was injected for 15 days followed by oral administration of garlic pills for 15 days. Sevin caused a decline in activities of Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase enzymes in liver of mice due to 15 days toxicity in group-2 as compared to control. Garlic treated mice recovered significantly as indicated by the beneficial rise in hepatic enzymes. This curing effect of garlic was found to be of clinical importance for the accidental sevin toxicity in mammals. Key words : sevin, garlic, mice, liver
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 77-81 Guar Gum Grafting and It's Application to Textile
Ratna Sharma
Abstract : It is a common belief that
“natural” materials are more environmentally friendly than “artificial” or
man made materials. Guar gum is naturally occurring non-ionic polysaccharide
which is derived from the Guar seed “Gyamposis tetragonolobus”. Guar is
commonly called as “gawar phalli”. This leguminous plant has been grown for
centuries in India Guar is being grown in Madhya Pradesh in plenty and is
mainly being used as food material for both man and animals. It is also used
as viscosity builder and water binder in various industries. Guar gum forms
viscous colloidal dispersion when hydrated in cold water. These are not very
stable due to biodegradation that is why guar gum is rarely used in its
natural forms. Drawback of guar gum may be minimized by grafting on to water
soluble polyacrylamide using new redox initiating system. We have developed
a new redox initiating system to examine the grafted solubility and
viscosity of graft co-polymer. To add the knowledge of polymer science,
either we can develop a new polymer from low-molecular weight compound by a
known method or by modifying the existing natural and synthetic polymers
either by derivation of their functional groups or grafting of different
polymers or by blending\alloying with different materials. Existing natural
and synthetic polymers are also modified by graft co-polymerization of
various polymers onto their backbone.
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 83-92 Histopathological Study on the Liver of Channa punctatus treated with Sublethal Doses of Chlorpyrifos
B. L. Sharma 1 and D. P. Jaroli
2
Abstract : Present study is an attempt
on the histopathology of liver of Channa punctatus after exposure of
sublethal 0.037 ppm, 0.075 ppm and 0.110 ppm concentrations of an
organophosphorous insecticide, chlorpyrifos (Dursban). The compound has been
found to produce several damage in liver of Channa punctatus leading to
various lesions like, cytoplasmic vacuolization, pycnosis, hepatic necrosis,
karyorhexis, cirrhosis and finally failure of metabolic mechanism having
resulted in the death of the fish. The severity of the damage has been found
concentration and time dependent.
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 93-103
Anjali Sharma, R.P.Goyal*Geetanjali
Chakravarty and Shipra Sharma Key words : Chocolate Brown, Mus musculus, haemotoxic
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 105-112 Adaptability of Membranes for Dairy Waste Management
A.S. Khojare, A.B. Kadu, P.G. Wasnik,M.R.
Patil & Mrs. B. A. Khojare Abstract : Membranes produce a higher quality effluent than achieved using conventional filtration as a final polishing step in dairy Industry. Designed to simplify wastewater treatment, the membrane process replaces secondary clarifiers. Membranes are immersed directly in the bioreactor and operate at high levels of MLVSS (12,000-15,000 ppm) resulting in plant footprints up to 4 times smaller than conventional systems. This treatment process allows for long sludge retention times (up to 75 days), decreasing sludge production up to 70%. In addition the membranes are capable of being used with chemical treatment (phosphorus precipitation). The Membrane process offers the ideal solution for wastewater reuse applications, producing high quality effluent suitable for direct reuse in a single step process. The effluent is also ideally suited as an RO feed. Regardless of the feed water, membranes consistently produce an ideal RO feed, typically yielding a SDI < 3. This process provides significant advantages over conventional technologies where wastewater must be treated by a multi-step process prior to reuse. The development of electrically conducting membranes, which will control fouling and separation properties in the treatment of industrial effluent by adjusting surface charge. There is a real awareness that membrane technology will have a vital energy and environmental role to play in the dairy industry in the next ten years. Key words: membrane, effluent treatment, dairy waste, zenon.
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 113-118 Quality Status of Potable Water of Tehsil-Sanganer, District-Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
J.D. Sharma, M.K. Sharma, P. Jain and D.
Sohu
Abstract : Drinking water quality of 17
villages of Sanganer Tehsil, Jaipur District, Rajasthan was analyzed to
identify the nature of potability of water. The drinking water samples were
collected in clean polyethylene one-liter cans and subjected for analysis in
the laboratory. The parameters studied were pH, electrical conductivity
(EC), fluoride (F), chloride (Cl), total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca and Mg
hardness and total hardness (TH). The results revealed that the values of pH
were found to be ranging between 6.39-8.34, EC ranged from 0.48-0.73 mmhos/cm
and chloride content differed from 202.46-648.60 mg/l and total hardness
varied from 413-1032 mg/l. The most important parameter fluoride was found
to be 2.17-10.14 ppm, which is more than the permissible limit in all the
samples studied. TDS varied from 82-429 mg/l. The data suggests that the
drinking water of seventeen villages of Sanganer Tehsil contain high
fluoride concentration, which leads to dreaded disease called fluorosis;
hence drinking water is not potable. Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 119-126
Farhina Pasha 1 and Romsha Singh
2
Abstract : In the present investigation
the effect of three sub lethal concentrations of Pursuit i.e., 63.7 ppm, 85
ppm and 127.5 ppm in Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. Pursuit inhibited
acetylcholinesterase of muscle and skin of Oreochromis mossambicus by
increasing the Km and Vmax, thereby acting as a mixed inhibitor. The assay
of muscle and skin AChE is thus useful for monitoring pesticide toxicity of
fish. Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 127-134
B.V. Venkataraman and S. Sudha
Abstract : Vanadium is distributed
extensively in nature. It is a trace element and is present in almost
all-living organisms including man. Essentiality of this element in cellular
functions is yet to be established. Biological importance of vanadium was
originally recognised by its ability to inhibit membrane sodium pump. Its
capacity to affect the activities of various other intracellular enzyme
systems and to modify physiological processes is now documented. Vanadium is
used extensively in various heavy industries. The incidence of exposure to
toxic levels of vanadium to industrial workers has been an increasing
concern for toxicologists. Disposition of vanadium in specific tissues may
be involved in the pathogenesis of certain neurological disorders and
cardiovascular diseases. An attempt is made to broadly document what is
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- - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 135-141 New Eco-friendly Synthetic Procedures for the Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds
Sheesh Ram Yadav, Anil Kumar Nainawat,
Shilpi Kaushik,
Abstract : The bioreduction of some
carbonyl compounds viz., Acetophenone, Benzalacetophenone, o-Aminoacetophenone,
Benzil, Cinnamaldehyde, Crotonaldehyde and Salicylaldehyde was carried out
with free Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as well as Immobilized
Baker’s yeast. The results of the bioreduction of these compounds have been
compared. Merits of bioreduction have also been discussed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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- - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, 142
NECESSITY OF RADIATION EDUCATION BASED ON
Tatsuo Matsuura
At present, radiation and radionuclides are not
only indispensable in medical diagnoses and treatments, but also are widely
used in fundamental research and practical applications in various fields of
science and technology, thus contributing much to us human beings for
elevating the quality of life. Nuclear power production is also playing an
important role in saving the nonrenewable natural energy resources, with the
merit of minimizing the global warming. However, a majority of people,
including many intellectuals, have an excessive concern for the risk of
radiation and radioactivity even for very minute quantities. This fact is
without doubt the consequence of following three reasons: (1) the first use
of nuclear energy as the disastrous weapon in 1945 has resulted a profound
socio-psychological after-effect, (2) the major accidents of nuclear power
plants which occurred in the 1980‘s have been repeatedly reported in mass
media with undue sensationalism, and (3) the proposition, that every ray of
ionizing radiation may destroy the human cell and is harmful for human body
such as by bringing carcinogenic or hereditary effects, has become a
suspicion-free common sense for general public. This proposition has its
basis on the recommendation by ICRP, which adopts the linear non-threshold (LNT)
model for even very low dose of ionizing radiation(1). The majority of
people cannot understand that this is only a hypothesis from the standpoint
of radiation protection, but they believe this is a scientific truth. We
believe there are ample evidences that the LNT model is no longer
scientifically correct for interpreting the radiation effect in low dose,
and this is the main topic of the present paper. At any rate, it is true
that the majority of people show the syndrome of “radiophobia”.
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