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CONTENTS YEAR 2005 Click on the linked title to view the paper
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005,
1-17
John Cairns, Jr.
Abstract : The primary purpose of
ecotoxicology is to provide a means of predicting the probability of harm
from the use of chemicals or other environmental stressors (e.g., heat or
suspended solids) upon complex natural systems. Although this statement may
appear platitudinous, an examination of toxicological literature involving
non-human species shows an inordinate preoccupation with studies of
dose-response curves at the single species level of biological organization
and relatively few studies dealing with properties at higher levels of
biological organization such as natural communities and ecosystems.
Detractors of the attempts to incorporate ecological principles into the
field of environmental toxicology to a degree sufficient to justify the term
“ecotoxicology” often categorize such attempts as impractical. However, the
field of ecotoxicology will not reach maturity until it involves toxicity
tests at different levels of biological organization using end points or
parameters characteristic of these levels and the results of laboratory
tests are validated in a scientifically justifiable way in the natural
systems that the tests are presumably designed to protect. This manuscript
explores the present situation with regard to the major components of the
hazard evaluation process in ecotoxicology– (1) screening or range-finding
tests, (2) predictive toxicity tests, (3) validating or confirming tests,
and (4) monitoring. A clear tendency in the literature in recent years has
been to incorporate a higher degree of environmental realism into laboratory
ecotoxicological tests and to be concerned in principle, if rarely in
practice, about the validation or confirmation of the predictions made on
these tests. However, it is abundantly clear that of the four components
just mentioned the first two have received inordinate attention
(particularly at the single species level) while the latter two have
received relatively little attention. In order for the field of
ecotoxicology to develop properly, a balance must be reached in both
research activities and practical application of all four components of the
ecotoxicological hazard evaluation process.
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- - - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 19-39
SMJ. Mortazavi H. Mozdarani
Abstract : Ramsar, a city in northern
Iran has among the highest levels of natural radiation known to exist in an
inhabited area. The high levels of natural radiation in Ramsar prompted us
to assess the radioadaptive response of some of the residents with high
cumulative doses. We report the effect of cumulative lifetime dose on the
coefficient of radioadaptive response. Twenty two residents of high level
natural radiation areas and thirty three residents from an adjacent normal
level natural radiation area participated in this study. In the 1st phase of
the experiment 15 healthy residents from high level natural radiation areas
and 30 healthy inhabitants of a nearby normal level natural radiation area
were studied. After description of the study and its objectives to the
participants, they were asked to complete questionnaires, participate in
interviews, allow radiation measurements of their homes, and to submit blood
samples. In the 2nd phase, seven healthy residents with cumulative lifetime
doses of up to 10 Sv were studied for assessing the induction of adaptive
response in each study participant and obtaining complementary data.
Cultured cells were given a challenge dose of either 2 Gy (1st phase of the
study) or 1.5 Gy (2nd phase of the study) of Co-60 gamma radiation.
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Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005,
41-58
Santosh Sundal, Mamta Sharma, P. C. Negi and
Surender S. Katoch Abstract : Fifteen healthy volunteers and 23 patients of heart failure due to coronary asrtery disease (CAD), hypertensive heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) who were in New York Heart Association functional class II to IV were monitored for oxidative stress by measuring levels of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dis-mutase (SOD) and catalase and lipid peroxidation status by estimating malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content. Both SOD and catalase activities were significantly raised in patients. Heart disease risk factors like hypertension, smoking and diabetes were found to increase antioxidant enzyme levels. Rise in antioxidant enzyme levels in blood samples of the patients were independent of sex and age. Electrophoretic separation of SOD on native gels confirmed antioxidant enzyme stimulation in patients. Surprisingly low levels of MDA content were characteristically recorded in the patients.
Key words : Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase,
malonyldialdehyde (MDA), heart diseases, antioxidant enzymes.
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S.C. Maiti,*+# C.R. Maiti** and S.K. Ghosal***
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 65-71
Inhibitory Chronic Effect of Copper
Sulphate on Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Enzyme Kinetics with Its
Subsequent Reactivation in the Stomach of Rattus norvegicus
Abstract: Study was conducted to find
out the chronic toxicity of sublethal concentration of copper sulphate on
the activity of AChE and its kinetics in the stomach of Rattus norvegicus.
The inhibition of AChE activity was time dependent and the pattern of
inhibition of AChE activity due to copper sulphate was mixed i.e.,
competitive- noncompetitive. The AChE activity was slowly reactivated to
almost normal after 15 days of treatment.
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- - - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 18, No. 1&2, 2004, 73-83 Evaluation of Toxic Impacts of Mancozeb on Testis in Rats
Suresh C. Joshi*, Nandan Gulati, Anita
Gajraj
Key words : Mancozeb, testis, sperm
dynamics, testosterone.
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- - - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 85-91
Ruchira Chaudhary
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- - - - - - Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 93-102 Effect of Coconut Milk on Bioavailability of Isoniazide P. Bigoniya 1, V. Shrivastava 2 and A.C. Rana 1
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keyword : Isoniazide; Coconut milk; Carbohydrate; Bioavailability.
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 103-113
Kiran Sharma 1 and Ravi Sharma
2
Abstract : In this study we focus the
issue of implementation of environmental education to enhance the
participation, attitude and knowledge level concerning the environment. Our
objective of the study is to determine whether there is significant
difference of courses such as environment science in influencing
environmental knowledge, participation and attitude among the students
having same basic level of educational background. The approaches
implemented in the study include systematic literature sighting and
analysis, participatory and consultative approach. The results obtained from
the survey conducted in different educational institutions in different
departments having environmental science as the subjects were analyzed. The
students were selected randomly and were assessed for their attitudes,
participation and knowledge concerning the environment. The basic Likert
type scale was designed in the questionnaires for obtaining the data in the
quantitative form. The data was analyzed by using the basic statistical
techniques and interpretations were made. This study highlights very
contrasting results. It has been proved that students with environmental
education show more positive attitude, knowledge and overall participation
level, but when the correlation was found between the attitude and
participation level scores among the students of environmental category, the
results indicated very weak correlation. It indicates that many serious gaps
are present in the implementation of environmental education. Overall this
study highlights that the environmental education be implemented and
expanded at all levels which could result into the sustainable development
of the environment and biodiversity conservation especially in Madhya
Pradesh that has enormous biodiversity potential.
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 115-120 Antifertility Activity of Steroidal Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum (seeds) in Female Rats
J.D. Sharma and Anjula Bhinda
Abstract : Healthy adult female albino
rats (Rattus norvegicus) were fed orally with steroidal extract of
Trigonella foenum-graecum (100 mg/day/rat for 15 days). The data revealed
that the body weights were not affected but the weights of ovary and uterus
declined. The biochemical parameters viz., protein, sialic acid, glycogen
and ascorbic acid were reduced in ovary and uterus, however the
concentration of cholesterol was increased in ovary and uterus after
fenugreek treatment. The enzyme activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase of
ovary and uterus got reduced. The vaginal smears examined daily during the
treatment should that female rats were mostly either in metoestrus or
diestrus stage. The fertility test was 100 % negative following fenugeek
treatment. The data suggests that T. foenum-graecum seeds extract exerts
antiestrogenic and antifertility activity in female rats.
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 121-129 Effect of Organophosphate Insecticide on the Organic Constituents in Liver of Channa punctatus
D. P. Jaroli and B. L. Sharma
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2005, 131-140
Soma Banerjee 1, C.S. Chakrabarti
1, L.K. Samanta 2
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